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Sea Urchins and Sea Stars
 | Ancora "The anchor-shaped calcareous spicules which are attached to and protrude from the flat perforated calcareous plates in the integument of echinoderms of the genus."-Whitney, 1902 |
 | Shetland argus "The Shetland Argus, Astrophyton scutatum, usually more than a foot across, is sometimes found on the British coast." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Asterius Rubens "Asterias rubens. a, 4-ranked pedicelis; b, end of pedicel magnified." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Asterius Rubens "Antambulacral surface of Asterias rubens. a, madreporite; a', the same magnified; b, anus." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Astrogonium Phrygianum "The rays are sometimes very short, or altogether wanting, the body having the form of a pentagonal disk." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Common brittle-star Among the several species of Brittle-Star found in the British seas is the Common Brittle-Star, Ophicoma rosula, which displays the most varied hues, arranged in beautiful patterns." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Brittlestar The arms of the brittlestar are more flexible than those of the starfish. They move by lateral movements of the arms, and are much quicker than the typical starfish. |
 | Common Starfish "Common Starfish (Asterias forbesi)."-Whitney, 1902. |
 | Crinoid Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or a portion of the life of the animal, to submarine objects by means of a jointed flexible stalk or column. |
 | Crinoid Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or a portion of the life of the animal, to submarine objects by means of a jointed flexible stalk or column. |
 | Diadema A genus of sea urchines |
 | Echinodermata "A class of radiate animals, the highest in organisation of the great division of the animal kingdom. They have a digestive and a vascular system; for the former, however, there is in many of them only a single orifice; a circular and radiating nervous system has been observed in manyl they are especially characterised by their well-organised skin which in many is strengthened by calcareous plates, and in some also has the additional protection of numerous long spines. a, Asterias Tesselllata (Asteriadae); b, Spatangus (Echinidae) or sea-egg." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875 |
 | Encrindae "Theses animals were all supported upon a long stalk, at the extremity of which they floated in the waters of the ancient seas, spreading their arms in every direction in search of the small animals whch consitituted its food." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Rosy feather-star "The body is flattened and covered with several cacareous plates; the lower, or entral surface, bears the mouth and anus; and the ten slender rays are often branched to such an extent as to appear very numerous." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Palaechinus sphaericus, Scouler; Carbouiferous, Ireland." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Archaeocidaris Urii, Flem (spine and intermediate plate); Carboniferous, Ireland." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Cidaris glandifera, Goldf (spine); Jura, Mount Carmel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Hemicidaris intermedia, Flem.; Corallian, Calne." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Salenia petalifers, Desm., U Greensand, Wilts." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Dysaster ringens, Ag., Inferior Oolite, Dorset." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Hemipneustes Greenovii, Forbes, U. Greensand, Blackdown" — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Catopygus carinatus Goldf., U. Greensand, Wilts." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Cidaris florigemma, with spine, a, and single ambulacral plate, magnified, b, (after Wright; Coral Rag." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Ananchytes ovatus, Lam.; U. Chalk, Europe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Pygaster semisulcatus, Ph.; Inf. Oolite, Cheltenham." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Galerites albogalerus, Lam.; U. Chalk, Kent." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Fossil Echinidea "Scutella subrotunda; Miocene, Malta." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Five-fingered jack "In this family the arms appear to be merely prolongations of the disc; they are suaully five in number, and the plates from which the ambulacra are exserted are placed in deep furrows, which run along the lower surface of the arms." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Keyhole-Urchin A sea-urchin very similiar to the Sand Dollar, but has 5 "keyholes" through its shell. |
 | Sea Lily An ancient crinoid, sea lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth. |
 | Stone Lily An ancient crinoid, stone lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth. |
 | Mollusca A sub-kingdom of animals embracing a division of the invertebrates. It includes especially those having an unsegmented bilateral body; four nervecords arranged in pairs, two visceral and two pedal, with lateral and medial abdominal ganglia. |
 | Medusa's head pentacrinus "This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood, and feeding upon other marine animals, yet having the form of a plant, and living like a plant, fixed to a rock in the deep sea." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Psammechinus esculentus "A common European type of the group is the species Psammechinus esculentus. In certain forms the test is perforated by slit-like apertures." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Various Radiata "Various raiate animals upon the sea shore" — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Rotula Augusti "Rotula Augusti" — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Sand-Dollar A sea-urchin in the shape of a circle. Has 5 star-like markings on its top-side. |
 | Sand-star "Among the British species are the Common Sand-Star, Ophiura texturata." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Sea-star Sea-stars are Echinoderms. The order Ophiuroides is closely related to starfishes. The arms of sea stars however, differ from those of starfishes in not containing any prolongations from the stomach. |
 | Sea-Urchin The shell of a sea-urchin without spines. |
 | Under side of a Sea-Urchin Under surface of a Sea Urchin showing rows of suckers among the spines. |
 | Sea-cucumber Sea-cucumbers are Echinoderms. They are worm-like in form. They move about by the alternate contraction and extension of their bodies. |
 | Common European sea-star "The colors in this are variable but brilliant - red, purple, green, and white. It measures from nine to twelve inches across, and feeds ravenously on shell-fish." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Sea-urchin Sea-urchins are Echinoderms. Their shell is mainly composed of calcareous plates. |
 | Sea-urchin The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the Sea-Eggs or Sea-Urchins - Cidaridae: they consist of several species, somewhat varying in form, some being nearly flat, some oval, some heart-shaped, and some like the Echinus esculentus, resembling an orange in shape." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Sea-urchin without spines "The globular crest of this animal is made up of several hundred polygonal pieces of different sizes, of every variety of outline, and so accurately fitted to each other that the lines uniting them are nearly inperceptible." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Solaster Papposus "The common British species of Solaster, S. papposus, has ordinarily 13 rays." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893 |
 | Rosy Feather Sea Star A sea star whose arms are soft and hairy, like a feather. |
 | Under side of a Star-Fish The under side of an arm of a star-fish. |
 | Starfish The common starfish is a five rayed star. The central body is called the disk and the arms are the rays. |
 | Starfish This group of animals is diverse and highly successful. There are more than 6,000 living species in the Echinodermata. They are popular becaUSe of their bright colors and unique shape. |
 | Starfish A class of marine animals, which have a star-like body composed of a central disc extended into five or more rays. They belong to the radiates, a class of animals having a central focus with raylike projections. |
 | Common Starfish "Starfish is a popular name for any individual of the family Asteridæ, a familiar object on the Atlantic coasts. The body is more or less star shaped, and consists of a central portion, or disk, surrounded by five or more lobes, or arms, radiating from the body and containing prolongations of the viscera. The mouth is situated in the center of the lower surface of the body, and the anus is either absent or on the upper surface. Locomotion is effected by means of peculiar tube-like processes, which are protruded from the under surface of the arms. They possess in a high degree the power of reproducing lost members and abound in all seas. [Pictured]Common Starfish, reproducing rays"—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911) |
 | Common Starfish "Starfish is a popular name for any individual of the family Asteridæ, a familiar object on the Atlantic coasts. The body is more or less star shaped, and consists of a central portion, or disk, surrounded by five or more lobes, or arms, radiating from the body and containing prolongations of the viscera. The mouth is situated in the center of the lower surface of the body, and the anus is either absent or on the upper surface. Locomotion is effected by means of peculiar tube-like processes, which are protruded from the under surface of the arms. They possess in a high degree the power of reproducing lost members and abound in all seas. [Pictured]Common Starfish (Asterias rubens)"—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911) |
 | Eyed Cribella Starfish "Starfish is a popular name for any individual of the family Asteridæ, a familiar object on the Atlantic coasts. The body is more or less star shaped, and consists of a central portion, or disk, surrounded by five or more lobes, or arms, radiating from the body and containing prolongations of the viscera. The mouth is situated in the center of the lower surface of the body, and the anus is either absent or on the upper surface. Locomotion is effected by means of peculiar tube-like processes, which are protruded from the under surface of the arms. They possess in a high degree the power of reproducing lost members and abound in all seas. [Pictured]Eyed Cribella (Cribella oculata)"—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911) |
 | Lesser Sand-Star Starfish "Starfish is a popular name for any individual of the family Asteridæ, a familiar object on the Atlantic coasts. The body is more or less star shaped, and consists of a central portion, or disk, surrounded by five or more lobes, or arms, radiating from the body and containing prolongations of the viscera. The mouth is situated in the center of the lower surface of the body, and the anus is either absent or on the upper surface. Locomotion is effected by means of peculiar tube-like processes, which are protruded from the under surface of the arms. They possess in a high degree the power of reproducing lost members and abound in all seas. [Pictured] Lesser Sand-star (Ophiura albida)"—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911) |
 | Lesser Sand-star Starfish "Starfish is a popular name for any individual of the family Asteridæ, a familiar object on the Atlantic coasts. The body is more or less star shaped, and consists of a central portion, or disk, surrounded by five or more lobes, or arms, radiating from the body and containing prolongations of the viscera. The mouth is situated in the center of the lower surface of the body, and the anus is either absent or on the upper surface. Locomotion is effected by means of peculiar tube-like processes, which are protruded from the under surface of the arms. They possess in a high degree the power of reproducing lost members and abound in all seas. [Pictured]Gibbous Starlet (Asterina gibbosa)"—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911) |
 | Underside of a starfish "The organs of motion are similar, consisting of a multitude of small feet called ambulacra, which are protruded through a number of perforations left for this purpose in their calcareous coverings." — Goodrich, 1859 |
 | Sea Urchin Sea urchin: the heavy projections are the spines; the long, slender ones are the tube feet. |
 | Sand dollar Sand dollar, the name given to a flattened looking sea urchin, very common on sandy shores. |
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