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An sectional illustration of a carding machine. Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed fibers to prepare them as textiles. A large variety of fibers can be carded, anything from dog hair, to llama, to soy fiber (a fiber made from soy beans), to polyester. Cotton and wool are probably the most common fibers to be carded. Not all fibers are carded; Flax and bast, for example, is retted then threshed.

Sectional View of a Carder

An sectional illustration of a carding machine. Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed…

"Roller and Clearer Carding Machine." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Carding Machine

"Roller and Clearer Carding Machine." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Self-stripping Flat Carding Machine" — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Flat Carding Machine

"Self-stripping Flat Carding Machine" — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

After the softening process in the manufacturing of jute, the fibers are about six feet long, and are passed onto the breaker card, where they are reduced in length, finely divided, thoroughly mixed, cleared of impurities, and laid in parallel order. The chief features of the card are a cylinder about four feet in diameter covered with wooden staves filled with steel teeth, and around this cylinder a number of smaller cylinders, known as strippers and workers, also covered with steel teeth. The jute fibers are carried around the large cylinder, being finely divided by the workers and strippers in their course. A doffer roller then strips the elongated lap from the main cylinder and sends it down a broad channel, which compresses it to a strand or sliver about four inches wide. Twelve of these slivers are then fed into the finisher card, which is similar to the breaker, but has finer teeth, and are drawn out into a finer, smoother strand.

Carding Process in the Manufacuring of Jute

After the softening process in the manufacturing of jute, the fibers are about six feet long, and are…

After the carding process in the manufacturing of jute is completed, the jute is taken into the drawing frames, whose function is to draw out the sliver, by means of rollers, to a smaller size, and to straighten or comb the fiber, so as to make it spin into a strong and level thread. Four of the slivers from the finisher cards are put through he first drawing frame, and are discharged by it in one small sliver. Two of these slivers are hen put through a second and finer drawing frame, and further combed and drawn out into one end. The cans of slivers are then taken to the roving frames to continue the manufacturing process.

Drawing Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

After the carding process in the manufacturing of jute is completed, the jute is taken into the drawing…

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are put into cans, which are then taken to the roving frames, where the material is again drawn out, twisted, and wound on to the rove bobbins. The latter are taken to spinning frames for the final manufacturing process.

Roving Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are…

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to spinning frames of the throstle type, and spun into yarn of various sizes, with a hard twist for warps and a softer twist for wefts. The warp yarns on bobbins are then passed on to the spooling and dressing machines, or are reeled in hanks and bundles for the purpose of being bleached or dyed in various colors for stripes in the fabric to be woven. The weft yarns are taken to the cop winding machines.

Spinning Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to…