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The pine-tree shilling, an early form of currency in colonial America.

Pine-tree Shilling

The pine-tree shilling, an early form of currency in colonial America.

"Coin of Populonia. Brit. Mus." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Populonia

"Coin of Populonia. Brit. Mus." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

An illustration of a coin with the face of Ptolemy Soter.

Ptolemy Soter Coin

An illustration of a coin with the face of Ptolemy Soter.

"Coin of Ptolemy." — Smith, 1882

Coin of Ptolemy

"Coin of Ptolemy." — Smith, 1882

Roman coin struck to commemorate the victory over Pyrrhus and his elephants.

Victory Coin over Pyrrhus

Roman coin struck to commemorate the victory over Pyrrhus and his elephants.

An illustration of both sides of a U.S. Quarter.

Both sides of a Quarter

An illustration of both sides of a U.S. Quarter.

An illustration of the portrait side of a U.S. Quarter.

Portrait on a Quarter

An illustration of the portrait side of a U.S. Quarter.

An illustration of the reverse side of a U.S. Quarter.

Back of a Quarter

An illustration of the reverse side of a U.S. Quarter.

An illustration of both sides of a U.S. Quarter that can be cutout and folded.

Two Sided Quarter

An illustration of both sides of a U.S. Quarter that can be cutout and folded.

An array of multiple illustrations of the portrait side of a U.S. Quarter.

Array of Quarters

An array of multiple illustrations of the portrait side of a U.S. Quarter.

"The Queen Anne farthings were designed by a German of the name of Crocker or Croker, principal engraver to the Mint; and were only patterns of an intended coin, having never been put into circulation; but they are by no means exceedingly scarce." — Chambers, 1881

Queen Anne's Farthing

"The Queen Anne farthings were designed by a German of the name of Crocker or Croker, principal engraver…

"The following simple experiment illustrates the effect of refraction:—Place a silver coin, m, at the bottom of the basin. The rays, i i, proceeding to the eye from the silver surface, render the coin visible. The point a, the eye, is then moved farther bck, so that the edge of the basin obstructs the direct rays, and of course the coin is no longer seen. If an attendant carefully pours water into the basin, so that the object is not moved, it will presently, as the water rises in the basin, become again visible. This arises from the refraction of the rays by the water, the image, indeed, appearing at n instead of at m." —Wells, 1857

Refraction

"The following simple experiment illustrates the effect of refraction:—Place a silver coin, m,…

"Coin of Richard III." — Lardner, 1885

Coin of Richard III

"Coin of Richard III." — Lardner, 1885

The front of a gold coin formerly in the Netherlands.

Rider

The front of a gold coin formerly in the Netherlands.

The rear of a gold coin formerly in the Netherlands.

Rider

The rear of a gold coin formerly in the Netherlands.

"Allocution; from an imperial Roman bronze coin in the British Museum."-Whitney, 1902

Roman Coin

"Allocution; from an imperial Roman bronze coin in the British Museum."-Whitney, 1902

"The so-called Republican, the earliest coinage, began at an early period of Roman history, and subsisted till about 80 B.C. Its standard metal was copper or bronze, an alloy of copper." — Chambers, 1881

Roman Coin

"The so-called Republican, the earliest coinage, began at an early period of Roman history, and subsisted…

A coin with a female figure of Ceres, holding ears of corn and the torch of Minerva.

Roman Coin

A coin with a female figure of Ceres, holding ears of corn and the torch of Minerva.

The coin (front) bears the image of the Virgin Mary receiving Gabriel's salutation. It was issued by Charles VI of France and by Henry V and Henry VI of England. It weighs approximately 54 grains.

Salute - a Golden Coin (Obverse)

The coin (front) bears the image of the Virgin Mary receiving Gabriel's salutation. It was issued by…

The coin (front) bears the image of the Virgin Mary receiving Gabriel's salutation. The back of the coin is decorated with a Christian cross. It was issued by Charles VI of France and by Henry V and Henry VI of England. It weighs approximately 54 grains.

Salute, a Golden Coin (Reverse)

The coin (front) bears the image of the Virgin Mary receiving Gabriel's salutation. The back of the…

"Specimens occur in gold, but most frequently in silver. Their average weight is 15 grains, and they were probably current from about 600 to 750." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This image is of a silver sceat currently in the British Museum. The image shows the obverse and reverse of the coin.

Sceat, an Early Anglo Saxon Coin

"Specimens occur in gold, but most frequently in silver. Their average weight is 15 grains, and they…

"Coin of Seleucus." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Coin of Seleucus

"Coin of Seleucus." — Smith, 1882

A Tetradrachm (which is an ancient Greek coin) with the head of Seleucus.

Tetradrachm of Seleucus

A Tetradrachm (which is an ancient Greek coin) with the head of Seleucus.

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Obverse)

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Reverse)

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

A coin of ancient Rome, the sesterce.

Sesterce

A coin of ancient Rome, the sesterce.

"...an English gold coin of the value of seven shillings, being the third part of the guinea, coined by George III from 1797." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Obverse and reverse of the coin which shows a profile of George III and the royal crown.

Seven Shilling Piece from Great Britain

"...an English gold coin of the value of seven shillings, being the third part of the guinea, coined…

"A shekel from the time of Judas Maccabaeus."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Shekel

"A shekel from the time of Judas Maccabaeus."—Finley, 1917

An illustration of a coin shell.

Coin Shell

An illustration of a coin shell.

"A shilling from the time of Henry VII."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Shilling

"A shilling from the time of Henry VII."—Finley, 1917

"A money formerly used in Scandinavia and northern Germany, in some places as a coin and in others as a money of account. It varied in value from 1/4d. in Denmark to nearly 1d. (about 2 cents) in Hamburg." <p>This illustration is of the front of the copper coin and features a profile of Oscar I.

Skilling Coin - Obverse

"A money formerly used in Scandinavia and northern Germany, in some places as a coin and in others as…

"A money formerly used in Scandinavia and northern Germany, in some places as a coin and in others as a money of account. It varied in value from 1/4d. in Denmark to nearly 1d. (about 2 cents) in Hamburg." <p>This illustration is of the back of the copper coin and features two crossed arrows.

Skilling Coin - Reverse

"A money formerly used in Scandinavia and northern Germany, in some places as a coin and in others as…

"A guinea coined by George III during the period 1787-99. It is now so called because the shield of arms on the reverse has the shape of the spade of playing cards." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>The obverse of the coin carries George III's profile.

Spade Guinea Coined by George III, Obverse

"A guinea coined by George III during the period 1787-99. It is now so called because the shield of…

"A guinea coined by George III during the period 1787-99. It is now so called because the shield of arms on the reverse has the shape of the spade of playing cards." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spade Guinea Coined by George III, Reverse

"A guinea coined by George III during the period 1787-99. It is now so called because the shield of…

"Coin of Syracuse." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Syracuse, coin of

"Coin of Syracuse." — Smith, 1882

"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Coin of Temple of Janus

"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." — Anthon, 1891

"Coin struck in Tibet, from specimen in India Library; inscribed "27th year (of cycle=1772 A.D.) from the princely residence of Golden"." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Tibet Coin

"Coin struck in Tibet, from specimen in India Library; inscribed "27th year (of cycle=1772 A.D.) from…

"Tibeto-Chinese coinage ("Kieniang, 58th year," i.e. 1793 A.D.)" &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Tibet Coin

"Tibeto-Chinese coinage ("Kieniang, 58th year," i.e. 1793 A.D.)" —The Encyclopedia Britannica,…

The piece proves that the artist was influenced by Durerth. It was painted by the great painter, Tiziano and can now be found hanging in the Dresdin Gallery.

The Tribute Money

The piece proves that the artist was influenced by Durerth. It was painted by the great painter, Tiziano…

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian (November 17, 9 &ndash; June 23, 79), was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 A.D. until his death in 79 A.D. Vespasian was the founder of the short-lived Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 A.D. and 96 A.D. He was succeeded by his sons Titus (79&ndash;81) and Domitian (81&ndash;96).

Coin of Vespasian

Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian (November 17, 9 – June 23, 79), was a Roman…

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Coin of Vesta

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." — Anthon, 1891

"Coin of Victoria." &mdash; Lardner, 1885

Coin of Victoria

"Coin of Victoria." — Lardner, 1885

A representation of Victory, inscribing on a shield the triumph of the Romans; at the same time, she tramples a battered helmet. The second medal represents a warrior holding a blunt spear, a sheathed sword, and trampling on a helmet. This denotes peace procured at the expense of the vanquished, represented by the woman weeping under a tree.

Victory

A representation of Victory, inscribing on a shield the triumph of the Romans; at the same time, she…

A George Washington coin above a naval battle.

Washington Coin

A George Washington coin above a naval battle.

"B is the pan on which the coin rests, at a point above the beam. The coins are placed in a rouleau in the hopper C and the lowest one is pushed on to the pan B by a slide. While the coin is being moved the hanger D is held firmly by the forceps E to prevent the pan from being pushed sideways." &mdash;Encyclopaedia Britannica

Center and End Knife Edges with Scale Pan Coin Weighing

"B is the pan on which the coin rests, at a point above the beam. The coins are placed in a rouleau…

"Coin of William and Mary." &mdash; Lardner, 1885

Coin of William and Mary

"Coin of William and Mary." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of William I." &mdash; Lardner, 1885

Coin of Willian I

"Coin of William I." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of William II." &mdash; Lardner, 1885

Coin of William II

"Coin of William II." — Lardner, 1885

"Coin of William IV." &mdash; Lardner, 1885

William IV

"Coin of William IV." — Lardner, 1885

An illustration of a coin depicting the face of Zeus.

Head of Zeus Coin

An illustration of a coin depicting the face of Zeus.