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A resaw is a large band saw optimized for cutting timber along the grain to reduce larger sections into smaller sections or veneers. Resawing veneers requires a wide blade with a small kerf to minimize waste.

Band Resaw

A resaw is a large band saw optimized for cutting timber along the grain to reduce larger sections into…

A leaf-cutting of begonia, well started.

Leaf-cutting of a begonia

A leaf-cutting of begonia, well started.

An illustration of three sets of hands performing various crafting tasks.

Busy Fingers

An illustration of three sets of hands performing various crafting tasks.

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Cleft method of grafting.

Cleft Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform carried upon four wheels, which are coupled together by side rods, so that on motion being communicated by means of a mitre wheel in the hind axle, it can be moved forward by hand. On the forward end of the frame are two bosses forming the centres for a pair of bell cranks or bent levers places close to the ground, and facing in opposite directions, either one of which can be connected with the piston rod. The outer arm of each lever carries a square socket, into which is fixed the pick, which has two cutting heads, one placed a little in front of the other so as to cut to the whole depth at one operation." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Coal-cutting Machine

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Crown method of grafting.

Crown Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Illustrated is a cutting of currant.

Currant Cutting

Illustrated is a cutting of currant.

Illustrated is a cutting of soft growing wood, as of coleus.

Cutting

Illustrated is a cutting of soft growing wood, as of coleus.

Illustrated is a rooted verbena cutting.

Cutting

Illustrated is a rooted verbena cutting.

"A special contrivance for a cutting pot was brought into notice many years ago by Mr. A. Forsyth. A smaller pot was put into a larger one, the hole at the bottom being closed with clay a; the bottom of the outer pot is filled with crocks b, so that the small pot is brought up to the level of the larger one; and the space between the two pots c is filled with propagating soil, the cuttings being so planted that their ends rest against the sides of the inner pot, which is then filled with water, and this passing slowly through the sides of the pots, just keeps the soil moistened." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cutting Pot

"A special contrivance for a cutting pot was brought into notice many years ago by Mr. A. Forsyth. A…

Cutting was the publisher of a Spanish newspaper called the <em>Il Centinela</em>.

A. K. Cutting

Cutting was the publisher of a Spanish newspaper called the Il Centinela.

Illustrated is a cutting of carnation.

Carnation Cutting

Illustrated is a cutting of carnation.

Illustrated is a hardwood cutting of currant.

Currant Cutting

Illustrated is a hardwood cutting of currant.

Illustrated is a hardened wood cutting of dahlia.

Dahlia Cutting

Illustrated is a hardened wood cutting of dahlia.

Illustrated is a cutting of geranium.

Geranium Cutting

Illustrated is a cutting of geranium.

A grape cutting.

Grape cutting

A grape cutting.

Illustrated are cuttings of grape, showing how it was planted.

Grape Cutting

Illustrated are cuttings of grape, showing how it was planted.

Pictured is a leaf cutting of gloxinia.

Leaf Cutting

Pictured is a leaf cutting of gloxinia.

Illustrated is a root cutting of blackberry.

Root Cutting

Illustrated is a root cutting of blackberry.

Illustrated is a cutting of rose.

Rose Cutting

Illustrated is a cutting of rose.

Illustrated is a short cutting of ripened wood.

Short Cutting

Illustrated is a short cutting of ripened wood.

"Epicycloidal teeth, teeth for gearing cut in the form of an epicycloid." -Whitney, 1911

Epicycloidal Teeth

"Epicycloidal teeth, teeth for gearing cut in the form of an epicycloid." -Whitney, 1911

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or taper); c, banking or watch-pinion file when parallel, and knife-file when tape; d, half-round, nicking, piercing, or round-off file; e, round, gulleting, or rat-tail file; f, triangular, three-square, or saw file; g, equaling, clock-pinion, or endless-screw file when parallel, and slitting, entering, warding, or barrel-hole file when tape; h, cross- or double-half-round file; i, screw-head, feather-edge, or slitting file." -Whitney, 1911

Types of Files

"Files. a, cotter-file when large, and verge- or pivot-file when small; b, square file (parallel or…

Geranium cutting ready to plant

Geranium cutting

Geranium cutting ready to plant

This is a combination tool featuring a glass cutter and knife. A glass cutter is a hand tool which aids in the cutting of flat or sheet glass.

Combined Knife and Scissors Glass Cutter

This is a combination tool featuring a glass cutter and knife. A glass cutter is a hand tool which aids…

A grapevine sprung from a small cutting after one year.

Grapevine

A grapevine sprung from a small cutting after one year.

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the In-arching method of grafting. This method is also known as Grafting by Approach.

In-Arching (Grafting)

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unit. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the inlaying method of grafting.

Inlaying (Grafting)

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

This is a metallic bread knife.

Back View of a Kitchen Bread Knife

This is a metallic bread knife.

Bread knifes can be made out of several different materials, This knife is apparently made from metal alloys.

Front View of a Kitchen Bread Knife

Bread knifes can be made out of several different materials, This knife is apparently made from metal…

tool or implement for cutting. Knives form the largest class of cutting implements known collectively as cutlery.

Fruit Knife

tool or implement for cutting. Knives form the largest class of cutting implements known collectively…

A knife designed for use in pruning vegetation.

Pruning Knife

A knife designed for use in pruning vegetation.

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as, for example, the herbaceous Gloxinia (a) and Gesnera, the succulent Sempervivum, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and their allies and such hard-leaved plants as Theophrasta (b). The leaves are best taken off with the base whole, and should be planted in well-drained sandy soil; in due time they form roots, and ultimately from some latent bud a little shoot which forms the young plant. The treatment is precisely like that of branch cuttings. Gloxinias, begonias, etc., grow readily from fragments of the leaves cut clean through the thick veins and ribs, and planted edgewise like cuttings. This class of subjects may also be fixed flat on the surface of the cutting pot, by means of little pegs or hooks, the main ribs being cut across at intervals, and from these points roots, and eventually young tubers, will be produced." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Leaf Cuttings

"Many plans may be propagated by planting their leaves or portions of their leaves as cuttings, as,…

Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants. Pictured here is the propagation of plants through cutting.

Leaf Cuttings

Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants. Pictured here is…

A machine for cutting down standing grain, usually worked by a pair of horses, the cutting machinery being driven by being connected with the wheels on which the machine is drawn over the field.

Reaping Machine

A machine for cutting down standing grain, usually worked by a pair of horses, the cutting machinery…

A shaping machine or shaper of wood, metal, or stone.

Routing Machine

A shaping machine or shaper of wood, metal, or stone.

A shaping machine or shaper of wood, metal, or stone.

Routing Machine

A shaping machine or shaper of wood, metal, or stone.

Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants. Pictured here is the propagation of plants through cutting.

Propagation by Cuttings

Plant propagation is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants. Pictured here is…

A saw used for pruning vegetation.

Pruning Saw

A saw used for pruning vegetation.

Long handled, pointed shears/scissors for pruning.

Pruning Scissors

Long handled, pointed shears/scissors for pruning.

Blunt nosed scissors used in the process of pruning.

Pruning Scissors

Blunt nosed scissors used in the process of pruning.

A tool used for cutting metals. "a and c, levers connected by a link bar b, and respectively pivoted at f and f1 to the frame e. By the arrangement of the levers the movable blade d, attached to c, acts with a strong purchase in combination with the stationary blade d1, rigidly attached to the frame e." —Whitney, 1889

Purchase Shears for Cutting Metal

A tool used for cutting metals. "a and c, levers connected by a link bar b, and respectively pivoted…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Root method of grafting.

Root Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Saddle method of grafting.

Saddle Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

This illustration includes numerous types of saws: a. Circular saw (right-hand and left-hand saws have the teeth running opposite directions); b. section of circular saw showing flange at c; d. concave saw; e. circular saw with inserted teeth; f. mill-saw; g. ice-saw; h. cross-cut saw; i. band-saw; j. rip-saw; k. hand-saw; l. panel-saw; m. pruning-saw; n. whip-saw; o. wood-saw; p. keyhole or compass-saw; q. back-saw; r. bow-back butchers' saw.

Collection of Saws

This illustration includes numerous types of saws: a. Circular saw (right-hand and left-hand saws have…

"A self-acting screw-cutting lathe with double-geared headstock, of a type now well established, the arrangements for obtaining and varying this traversing motion may be observed. A steel leading screw runs along the front of the lathe bed, and with it the slide rest can be connected at pleasure. Two or more change wheels, properly proportioned as to the number of their teeth, connect the head of the screw with the hinder end of the mandrel." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Screw-Cutting

"A self-acting screw-cutting lathe with double-geared headstock, of a type now well established, the…

"A reaping hook; a curved blade of steel (anciently also of bronze) having the edge on the inner side of the curve, with a short handle or haft, for cutting with the right hand grain or grass which is grasped by the left." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This sickle has a serrated edge on the inside curve of the blade.

Sickle with Serrated Edge

"A reaping hook; a curved blade of steel (anciently also of bronze) having the edge on the inner side…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Side Grafting method.

Side Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

"This mode of propagation is performed by cutting the branches into short lengths, each containing one well-matured bud or eye, with a short portion of the stem above and below. It is a common mode of propagating vines, the eyes being in this case cut from the ripened leafless wood. The eyes (a) are planted just below the surface in pots of light soil, which are placed in a hot bed or propagating pit, and in due time each pushed up a young shoot which forms the future stem, while convert it into an independent plant." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Single Eye

"This mode of propagation is performed by cutting the branches into short lengths, each containing one…

"A tool for digging and cutting the ground, having a rather thick iron blade, usually flat, so formed that its terminal edge (either straight or curved) may be pressed into the ground or other resisting substance with one foot, and a handle, usually with a crosspiece at the top, to be grasped by both hands... a, Irish spade with foot-piece; b, Greek spade with foot-piece; c, Japanese spade; d, spade for cutting turf; e, ditching spades; f, post-spade for digging post-holes; g, polished drain-spade with foot-piece; h, long-handled garden spade; i, ditching-spade." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spades - a Collection of Various Types

"A tool for digging and cutting the ground, having a rather thick iron blade, usually flat, so formed…

Stone tranchet Neolithic age implement used for cutting. Not drawn to scale.

Neolithic Implements Stone Tranchet

Stone tranchet Neolithic age implement used for cutting. Not drawn to scale.

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows Terminal Herbaceous grafting.

Terminal Herbaceous Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unit. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Veneering method of grafting.

Veneering (Grafting)

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Verbena cutting, well rooted.

Verbena

Verbena cutting, well rooted.

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Wedge method of grafting.

Wedge Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different plants in such a way that they shall unite and become an organic unity. The rooted plant which is to receive the graft is called the 'stock'; the cutting which is to be applied to the stock, and to obtain its nourishment from it, is called the 'scion'. This illustration shows the Whip method of grafting. This method is also known as Tongue Grafting.

Whip Grafting

Grafting is a horticultural operation which consists in placing together the two cut surfaces of different…