This diagram represents a student's thinking and progress in math. The image on the left is concrete thinking, counting each dot. The right is symbolic thinking, a digit represents the number of dots.

Concrete to Symbol

This diagram represents a student's thinking and progress in math. The image on the left is concrete…

"The Benday process, so called, is the use of mechanical appliances for adding lines or stipples to either drawings or plates. Its use is very extensive in the making of tint blocks or color work, used either in connection with line or half-tone key plates." -Hill, 1921

Benday Engraving

"The Benday process, so called, is the use of mechanical appliances for adding lines or stipples to…

Enlarged portions of a half tone print, showing light, medium, and dark tints.

Half Tone Print (Enlarged)

Enlarged portions of a half tone print, showing light, medium, and dark tints.

A heraldic shield made of or (gold), which is represented by engraving dots of pricks into the shield.

Or Shield

A heraldic shield made of or (gold), which is represented by engraving dots of pricks into the shield.

Dotting pen is used to create five different dotted and dashed lines. The dot lengths can be varied by changing the angle of the handle.

Dotting Pen

Dotting pen is used to create five different dotted and dashed lines. The dot lengths can be varied…

This late 19th century visiting dress is designed with dots.

Late 19th Century Visiting Dress

This late 19th century visiting dress is designed with dots.