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"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely movable in all directions, having mounted over it a reciprocating frame in which are fixed brushes and pieces of slate or thin stone. These, with a small jet of water, scour and brush the entire surface of the leather lying on the platform, effectually scouring out bloom and all soluble impurities." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scouring Machine

"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely…

"Grolier scroll, the flowing curved lines that surround and interlace the geometrical framework of a design for a book-cover in the style of Grolier." -Whitney, 1911

Grolier Scroll

"Grolier scroll, the flowing curved lines that surround and interlace the geometrical framework of a…

A six-panelled door is used mostly in the construction of housing the uppermost pair of panels are termed the 'frieze' panels, the other panels being respectively 'middle' or 'bottom', according to their position, the horizontal frame members taking the names of 'top rail', 'frieze rail', 'middle' or 'lock rail', and 'bottom rail'.

Six-Panelled Door

A six-panelled door is used mostly in the construction of housing the uppermost pair of panels are termed…

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain amount of twist imparted to it, and is wound on a bobbin. In this process the end or sliver from the last head of the drawing frame is drawn out by means of three pairs of rollers, and this is twisted as it emerges from the front line of rollers by the action of vertical spindles and flyers, which at the same time wind the ends upon bobbins in successive layers." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Slubbing Frame

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain…

This span roof frame is one of the most popular. The sashes are held open at any angle required. These frames are best suited to remain where placed permanently.

Span-Roof Frame

This span roof frame is one of the most popular. The sashes are held open at any angle required. These…

"A, spectacles with bows hinged to the shoulders on the rims connected by the nose or bridge. B, spectacles with hook-bows and with bridge and shoulders riveted to the lenses. C, detail showing construction of shoulder. D, side view, showing rim. In all the figures: a, bows; b, shoulders; c, rims; d, bridge." —Whitney, 1889

A Collection of Spectacles

"A, spectacles with bows hinged to the shoulders on the rims connected by the nose or bridge. B, spectacles…

A frame with a spinning wheel in the foregroud. A ship can be seen on the left and a church steeple on the right.

Spinning Wheel

A frame with a spinning wheel in the foregroud. A ship can be seen on the left and a church steeple…

Illustrated is a spring tooth harrow with a frame.

Spring Tooth Harrow

Illustrated is a spring tooth harrow with a frame.

A stand is a standing support or foundation which in this case is strictly to hold a camera in place.

Stand for Supporting Cameras

A stand is a standing support or foundation which in this case is strictly to hold a camera in place.

This ornamental stand is designed with small figures in the center that are holding the frame of the stand, and the base is designed with horned serpents. The stand is used as a decorative piece of artwork to be displayed.

Ornamental Stand

This ornamental stand is designed with small figures in the center that are holding the frame of the…

"G, G, garboard strakes; F, frame, K, keel. Nautical, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Also called ground-strake." -Whitney, 1911

Garboard Strake

"G, G, garboard strakes; F, frame, K, keel. Nautical, the first range or strake of planks laid on a…

This Modern strap-work frame is a book ornament made in France.

Modern Strap-Work Frame

This Modern strap-work frame is a book ornament made in France.

Modern strap-work frame.

Modern Strap-Work Frame

Modern strap-work frame.

Modern strap-work frame.

Modern Strap-Work Frame

Modern strap-work frame.

This modern strap-work frame was French.

Modern Strap-Work Frame

This modern strap-work frame was French.

Modern strap-work frame.

Modern Strap-Work Frame

Modern strap-work frame.

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands…

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany.

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made in France.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made in France.

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands…

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands…

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

The Renaissance strap-work frame was made from bronze tablets. Foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands…

This French Renaissance strap-work frame was made during the 17th century.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This French Renaissance strap-work frame was made during the 17th century.

This French Renaissance strap-work frame was made during the 17th century.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This French Renaissance strap-work frame was made during the 17th century.

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany. Made out of bronze tablets, the design usually contained foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany. Made out of bronze tablets,…

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany. Made out of bronze tablets, the design usually contained foliage, palmettes, festoons and garlands of fruit, fluttering ribbons, cherub-heads are frequently added. Strap-work frame was an invention of the Renaissance.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany. Made out of bronze tablets,…

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame was made between 1576-1577 in Germany.

This Renaissance strap-work frame is French.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

This Renaissance strap-work frame is French.

Renaissance strap-work frame.

Renaissance Strap-Work Frame

Renaissance strap-work frame.

This Rococo strap-work frame is French. During this period the strap-work frame was unsymmetrical and picturesque arrangements.

Rococo Strap-Work Frame

This Rococo strap-work frame is French. During this period the strap-work frame was unsymmetrical and…

This Rococo strap-work frame is French, usually placed in a corner of a wall. During this period the strap-work frame was unsymmetrical and picturesque arrangements.

Rococo Strap-Work Frame

This Rococo strap-work frame is French, usually placed in a corner of a wall. During this period the…

This Rococo strap-work frame is French. During this period the strap-work frame was unsymmetrical and picturesque arrangements.

Rococo Strap-Work Frame

This Rococo strap-work frame is French. During this period the strap-work frame was unsymmetrical and…

This console table is was made in Paris, France in a Louis Quatorze style (Louis 14th style). The frame is designed in grape vines and scrolls with two doves in the top center.

Console Table

This console table is was made in Paris, France in a Louis Quatorze style (Louis 14th style). The frame…

A boy playing a recorder and a girl with a small harp and the word "The End".

The End

A boy playing a recorder and a girl with a small harp and the word "The End".

Frames are portable garden structures useful for large quantities of different subjects that have to be prepared for transplanting outside. Span frames have the advantage of giving more height inside.

Three-Quarter Span-Roof Frame

Frames are portable garden structures useful for large quantities of different subjects that have to…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

Narrow border with toys.

Toys

Narrow border with toys.

"A very powerful and economical one, for large establishments especially. It is a modification of the well-known Cornish boiler, and consists of two wrought-iron cylinders substantially rivetted together, and having a water space of about 2 inches between them. The frame for the furnace doors d is attached to the front. It is supported by two cast-iron chairs a, a, the front chair forming the frame for the lower flue doors b, which fasten by a simple catch, and can readily be lifted off for cleaning the flues. The plug c, opened by unscrewing it, is for the purpose of clearing out all interior accumulation of dirt, which should be done thoroughly at short intervals. The flow pipe is at e, the return at f." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Trentham Boiler

"A very powerful and economical one, for large establishments especially. It is a modification of the…

"An improvement of great importance in the hosiery trade was effected through the invention of the tumbler needle, patented by Mr. M. Townsend in 1858. The tumbler needle consists of a stem somewhat bulged near the point. The bulged part contains a groove in which there is hinged a short pin. The pin is so placed that, when turned to the hooked or curved point, its own point falls into a spoon-like indent, thus forming a smooth metal loop." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Tumbler Needle

"An improvement of great importance in the hosiery trade was effected through the invention of the tumbler…

Two part floral frame.

Two part floral frame

Two part floral frame.

This border typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance period between 1550-1560. It was of Flemish origin, used as a decoration of books and documents.

Border Typographical Frame

This border typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance period between 1550-1560. It was…

The border typographical frame was used as a decoration for books and documents.

Border Typographical Frame

The border typographical frame was used as a decoration for books and documents.

This Flemish border typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance period in the 16th century.

Border Typographical Frame

This Flemish border typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance period in the 16th century.

This French typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance in the 16th century.

French Typographical Frame

This French typographical frame was designed during the Renaissance in the 16th century.

This German Typographical frame is a tablet from the triumphal entry of the Emperor Maximilian. It was designed between 1473-1531.

German Typographical Frame

This German Typographical frame is a tablet from the triumphal entry of the Emperor Maximilian. It was…

The principles of decoration in the modern typographical frame were very varied, with greater freedom allowed.

Modern Typographical Frame

The principles of decoration in the modern typographical frame were very varied, with greater freedom…

The principles of decoration in the modern typographical frame were very varied, with greater freedom allowed.

Modern Typographical Frame

The principles of decoration in the modern typographical frame were very varied, with greater freedom…

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed during the Italian Renaissance, 16th century. The head and tail pieces were designed of strap-work.

Printer's-Mark Typographical Frame

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed during the Italian Renaissance, 16th century. The…

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed during the Italian Renaissance, 16th century. The head and tail pieces were designed of strap-work.

Printer's-Mark Typographical Frame

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed during the Italian Renaissance, 16th century. The…

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed in Paris during the 19th century. The head and tail pieces were designed of strap-work.

Printer's-Mark Typographical Frame

This Printer's-mark typographical frame was designed in Paris during the 19th century. The head and…

Border with intertwined bives and birds.

Vines border

Border with intertwined bives and birds.

Floral frame, with several different types of birds and a rabbit.

Wildlife frame

Floral frame, with several different types of birds and a rabbit.

A window screen is a metal wire fiberglass; synthetic fiber mesh stretched in a frame of wood or metal which is designed to cover the opening of an open window.

Window Screen Construction

A window screen is a metal wire fiberglass; synthetic fiber mesh stretched in a frame of wood or metal…

Frame of a wizard and woman, from "The Forbidden Room."

Wizard and Woman

Frame of a wizard and woman, from "The Forbidden Room."

Frame of a woman and a well.

Woman and Well

Frame of a woman and a well.

A wreath.

Wreath

A wreath.