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"Procure an open organ-pipe, at least one side of which is made of glass. While the pipe is emitting its fundamental tone, lower a small ring with a paper bottom, on which a little fine sand has been strewn, as shown. Just inside the upper part of the pipel, the sand dances...its motion becoming less energetic as the ring approaches the middle of the pipe." -Avery 1895

Organ Pipe

"Procure an open organ-pipe, at least one side of which is made of glass. While the pipe is emitting…

Sine curves of varying frequency and amplitude plotted from 0 to 2 pi. Graph of y= sin θ, y= 1/2 sin θ, y=2 sin θ, y= 2 sin 3θ

Sine Curves y= sin Ǝ, y= 1/2 sin Ǝ, y=2 sin Ǝ, y= 2 sin 3Ǝ

Sine curves of varying frequency and amplitude plotted from 0 to 2 pi. Graph of y= sin θ, y= 1/2…

Sine curves of varying frequency plotted from 0 to 2 pi. Graph of y= sin t, y= r sin1/2t, y=r sin 2t.

Sine Curves y= sin t, y= r sin1/2t, y= r sin 2t

Sine curves of varying frequency plotted from 0 to 2 pi. Graph of y= sin t, y= r sin1/2t, y=r sin 2t.

The curve of a sine wave.

Curves of sines

The curve of a sine wave.

A sonometer is an apparatus by which the transverse vibrations of strings can be studied. It is also called the monocord because it often has only one string. On the box are two fixed bridges, near the ends, and at one end is a pulley. A string, often a steel wire, is fastened at one end, run over the bridges and the pulley, and attached to a weight holder hanging below the pulley. Weights can be added to the holder to produce tension in the wire, and a third, movable bridge, can be placed under it to change the length of the vibrating section of the string. A Sonometer demonstrates the relationship between the frequency of the sound produced by a plucked string, and the tension, length and mass per unit length of the string.

Sonometer

A sonometer is an apparatus by which the transverse vibrations of strings can be studied. It is also…

"Bow or pluck the string of a sonometer near its end, thus setting it in vibration as a hole. The string will have the appearance of a single spindle as shown, and will sound the lowest tone that it is capable of producing." -Avery 1895

Sound Wave, fundamental frequency

"Bow or pluck the string of a sonometer near its end, thus setting it in vibration as a hole. The string…