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"Monoclinic. Habit varied. Crystals usually nearly equidimensional in the three axial directions and often complex in development." — Ford, 1912

Datolite

"Monoclinic. Habit varied. Crystals usually nearly equidimensional in the three axial directions and…

(1820-1899) Famous Canadian geologist.

Sir John William Dawson

(1820-1899) Famous Canadian geologist.

"Deformation of shale by porphyry, Burlington Railroad, east of Whitetail Gulch." -Walcott, 1901

Shale Deformation

"Deformation of shale by porphyry, Burlington Railroad, east of Whitetail Gulch." -Walcott, 1901

Principal forms of the isometric system: deltohedron

Deltohedron

Principal forms of the isometric system: deltohedron

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, 9,000,000 square kilometers, almost as large as the United States.

Desert of Sahara

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, 9,000,000 square kilometers, almost as large as the United…

"Diabantite, ore material, and agate in vesicle of main basalt. The radial mass occupying the center is diabantite, the opaque material surrounding it is magnetite or ilmenite, and the outer rim is agate." -Walcott, 1901

Diabantite

"Diabantite, ore material, and agate in vesicle of main basalt. The radial mass occupying the center…

"Curved faces of the hexoctahedron are frequently observed." — Ford, 1912

Diamond

"Curved faces of the hexoctahedron are frequently observed." — Ford, 1912

Diamond.

Diamond

Diamond.

"Pure crystalline carbon, the hardest substance known, possessing great lustre owing to its great refracting power." — Williams, 1889

Diamond

"Pure crystalline carbon, the hardest substance known, possessing great lustre owing to its great refracting…

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: dihexagonal prism

Dihexagonal Prism

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: dihexagonal prism

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: dihexagonal pyramid.

Dihexagonal Pyramid

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: dihexagonal pyramid.

"Dip, in geology, the name given to the angle of slope of inclined rock strata, as dip in the diagram...The horizontal direction at right angles to the line of dip is called the strike, shown by st in the diagram." -Foster, 1921

Dip

"Dip, in geology, the name given to the angle of slope of inclined rock strata, as dip in the diagram...The…

"The diploid is a rare form found only in this class. It is composed of twenty-four faces which correspond to one-half the faces of a hexoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

Diploid

"The diploid is a rare form found only in this class. It is composed of twenty-four faces which correspond…

"A combination of cube and diploid." — Ford, 1912

Diploid and cube

"A combination of cube and diploid." — Ford, 1912

"Section showing displacement of strata by a fault. a and a were once a continuous mass of rock." -Whitney, 1911

Displacement of Strata

"Section showing displacement of strata by a fault. a and a were once a continuous mass of rock." -Whitney,…

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: ditrigonal prism

Ditrigonal Prism

Principal forms of the hexagonal system: ditrigonal prism

Dodecahedron.

Dodecahedron

Dodecahedron.

Principal forms of the isometric system: dodecahedron.

Dodecahedron

Principal forms of the isometric system: dodecahedron.

"A combination of dodecahedron and hexoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

Dodecahedron and hexoctahedron

"A combination of dodecahedron and hexoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

A dodecahedron and octahedron

Dodecahedron and octahedron

A dodecahedron and octahedron

A dodecahedron and trapezohedron.

Dodecahedron and trapezohedron

A dodecahedron and trapezohedron.

A dodecahedron and trapezohedron

Dodecahedron and trapezohedron

A dodecahedron and trapezohedron

"The faces of the deltoid dodecahedron correspond to one-half those of the trisoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

Deltoid dodecahedron

"The faces of the deltoid dodecahedron correspond to one-half those of the trisoctahedron." —…

A distorted dodecahedron

Distorted dodecahedron

A distorted dodecahedron

"A combination of of dodecahedron, trapezohedron, and hexoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

Dodecahedron, trapezohedron and hexoctahedron

"A combination of of dodecahedron, trapezohedron, and hexoctahedron." — Ford, 1912

"Hexagonal-rhombohedral. Crystals are usually the unit rhombohedron (cleavage rhombohedron). Faces often curved, and sometimes so acurately as to form "saddle-shaped" crystals. Other forms rare." — Ford, 1912

Dolomite

"Hexagonal-rhombohedral. Crystals are usually the unit rhombohedron (cleavage rhombohedron). Faces often…

Eolianite or aeolianite is any rock formed by the lithification of sediment deposited by aeolian processes; that is, the wind. In common use, however, the term refers specifically to most common form of eolianite: coastal limestone consisting of carbonate sediment of shallow marine biogenic origin, formed into coastal dunes by the wind, and subsequently lithified. It is also known as kurkar in the Middle East, miliolite in India and Arabia, and gres dunaire in the eastern Mediterranean.

Eolianite

Eolianite or aeolianite is any rock formed by the lithification of sediment deposited by aeolian processes;…

In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural forces. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the Earth's surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or differently structured material. Individual bands may vary in thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each band represents a specific mode of deposition -- river silt, beach sand, coal swamp, sand dune, lava bed, etc. Eozoic strata pertains to rocks or strata older that the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozoön has been found.

Eozoic Strata

In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally…

"Monoclinic. Crystals are often much elongated parallel to the ortho-axis with a prominent development of the faces of the orthodome zone, giving them a prismatic aspect. Striated parallel to the ortho-axis. Terminated usually at one end of the ortho-axis and most commonly by the two faces of a pyramid." — Ford, 1912

Epidote

"Monoclinic. Crystals are often much elongated parallel to the ortho-axis with a prominent development…

The curious effect of erosion. This was created by the wind.

Erosion

The curious effect of erosion. This was created by the wind.

"Maps to illustrate the supposed stages in the erosion history of the Pomperaug River." -Walcott, 1901

Erosion Stages

"Maps to illustrate the supposed stages in the erosion history of the Pomperaug River." -Walcott, 1901

Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity; or by living organisms, such as burrowing animals, in the case of bioerosion. This figure shows the effects of erosion on the rock formation along the coast of the Mendocino Coast in California.

Mendocino Coast Erosion

Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment.…

The grandest falls in the world are those of the Niagara, 160 feet high. Though greatly inferior to many others in height, yet their volume of water is so great that they surpass all others in grandeur.

The Falls of Niagara

The grandest falls in the world are those of the Niagara, 160 feet high. Though greatly inferior to…

"Section of a clean-cut fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fault

"Section of a clean-cut fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Section of strats, bent at a line of fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fault

"Section of strats, bent at a line of fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Reversed fault, Liddlesdale." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fault

"Reversed fault, Liddlesdale." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Plan of strata cut by a dip-fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Fault

"Plan of strata cut by a dip-fault." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

The image shows the displacement in the strata of rock that is caused by a geological fault.

Fault

The image shows the displacement in the strata of rock that is caused by a geological fault.

"View of the southeastern slope of the eastern twin of Orenaug Hill. Fault scarps bound the hummocky surface of the block on the northeast and west; the courses of the scarps follow the fringes of trees." -Walcott, 1901

Fault Scarp Slope

"View of the southeastern slope of the eastern twin of Orenaug Hill. Fault scarps bound the hummocky…

"Fault scarps of Orenaug Hill (floating block topography). The view is taken from the top of a cliff in the eastern twin hill." -Walcott, 1901

Fault Scarps

"Fault scarps of Orenaug Hill (floating block topography). The view is taken from the top of a cliff…

An illustration of a clean-cut fault.

Clean-cut Fault

An illustration of a clean-cut fault.

"Diagram showing a reverse or overthrust fault (b)." -Lee, 1915

Reverse Fault

"Diagram showing a reverse or overthrust fault (b)." -Lee, 1915

"The two faults of larger throw, by which a single sheet of trap is represented in three ridges, are proved by the threefold repetition of series of beds comprising sandstone, conglomerate, and amygdaloidal trap, shale, and heavy trap." -Walcott, 1901

Strike Fault

"The two faults of larger throw, by which a single sheet of trap is represented in three ridges, are…

"Diagram showing normal faults (a)." -Lee, 1915

Normal Faults

"Diagram showing normal faults (a)." -Lee, 1915

Fiords are valleys that were deeply eroded by slowly moving masses of ice called glaciers, subsequently partially submerged.

Fiords on Norway Coast

Fiords are valleys that were deeply eroded by slowly moving masses of ice called glaciers, subsequently…

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally and the intermediate horizontal axis at one-half this distance." — Ford, 1912

Prism of the first order

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"This form consists of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal crystallographic axes equally, is parallel to the third horizontal axis and intersects the vertical axis." — Ford, 1912

Pyramid of the first order

"This form consists of twelve isoceles triangular faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to live in the layers of water near the surface, and after death to fall gradually to the bottom of the sea.

Foraminifera

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to…

When the remains of an animal or plant are exposed to the air or buried in dry earth, they generally decompose and pass off almost entirely as gasses; but when buried under water or in damp earth, their preservation is probable. Therefore, the species most likely to become fossilized are those living in water or marshes, or in the neighborhood of water or marshes.

Fossil Encrinite

When the remains of an animal or plant are exposed to the air or buried in dry earth, they generally…

"Microscopical section of Fossil Wood, from clay iron-stone nodules; Oldham." -Taylor, 1904

Fossil Wood

"Microscopical section of Fossil Wood, from clay iron-stone nodules; Oldham." -Taylor, 1904

Ganoids were ancient fish from the Paleozoic time. The image is of the Cephalaspis Lyellii.

Ganoid

Ganoids were ancient fish from the Paleozoic time. The image is of the Cephalaspis Lyellii.

Ganoids were ancient fish from the Paleozoic time. The image is of the Holoptychius.

Ganoid

Ganoids were ancient fish from the Paleozoic time. The image is of the Holoptychius.

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination." — Ford, 1912

Garnet

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination." — Ford, 1912

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination." — Ford, 1912

Garnet

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination." — Ford, 1912

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination. Hexoctahedron observed at some times." — Ford, 1912

Garnet

"Isometric. Common forms dodecahedron amd trapezohedron, often in combination. Hexoctahedron observed…

"Garnets distributed through a mica schist." -Dana, 1883

Garnet

"Garnets distributed through a mica schist." -Dana, 1883

The shell of Anchura (Drepancheilus) Americana, a species of gastropod.

Anchura Gastropod

The shell of Anchura (Drepancheilus) Americana, a species of gastropod.

The exterior of the shell of Bulla speciosa, a species of gastropod.

Exterior of Bulla Gastropod

The exterior of the shell of Bulla speciosa, a species of gastropod.

The interior of the shell of Bulla speciosa, a species of gastropod.

Interior of Bulla Gastropod

The interior of the shell of Bulla speciosa, a species of gastropod.

The shell of Fasciolario buccinoides, a species of gastropod.

Fasciolario Gastropod

The shell of Fasciolario buccinoides, a species of gastropod.