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A Greek jug from Rhodes.

Jug from Rhodes

A Greek jug from Rhodes.

"Thus the prince, both when present and when coming, was alike victorius: and these things he achieved just starting up from amidst his books; or rather, in marching against the adversary, he marched with his books, for he had always in his hands either books or arms, believing that war was wonderfully assisted by philosophy, and that a prince competent to give counsel threw more weight into the scale than a fighting one." — The Delphian Society, 1913

Julian

"Thus the prince, both when present and when coming, was alike victorius: and these things he achieved…

"Cup, <em>Kantharos</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Kantharos

"Cup, Kantharos." — The Delphian Society, 1913

"Mixing bowl, <em>Kelebe</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Kelebe

"Mixing bowl, Kelebe." — The Delphian Society, 1913

"Ladle, <em>Kyathos</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Kyathos

"Ladle, Kyathos." — The Delphian Society, 1913

"When grown up, Oedipus is told by the oracle that he would slay his father and marry his mother. On his return to Corinth he met Laius in a narrow pass and, in a dispute about the road, slew him." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Death of Laius

"When grown up, Oedipus is told by the oracle that he would slay his father and marry his mother. On…

"Oil-jar, <em>Lekythos</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Lekythos

"Oil-jar, Lekythos." — The Delphian Society, 1913

The Gargoyle Lion Head was found in Metapontum, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

The Gargoyle Lion Head was found in Metapontum, Greece.

This Gargoyle Lion Head is made out of terracotta and is found in Athens, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

This Gargoyle Lion Head is made out of terracotta and is found in Athens, Greece.

The Gargoyle Lion Head is found in the Parthenon of Athens, Greece.

Gargoyle Lion Head

The Gargoyle Lion Head is found in the Parthenon of Athens, Greece.

The Gate of the Lions is located in Mycenae, Greece. It was the entrance to the city. On top of the gate there are two lions carved in stone facing each other with a column in the middle, believed to have been a statue of god or goddess.

Gate of the Lions

The Gate of the Lions is located in Mycenae, Greece. It was the entrance to the city. On top of the…

"This instrument was long, and curved at the end. From the similarity of form the original staff received the same appelation." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Litmus

"This instrument was long, and curved at the end. From the similarity of form the original staff received…

"Lucian, the humorous satirist, was a native of Samosata, in Syria, and flourished towards the end of the second century. In early life he was a sculptor, but later applied himself to the study of literature and philosophy. He was an extensive traveler, and seems to have traversed Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, and Gaul, teaching and studying human nature. After having amassed wealth as a wandering sophist, he settled down in Athens, when about forty years of age, and devoted himself to those satirical and humorous works which have made his name famous." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Lucian

"Lucian, the humorous satirist, was a native of Samosata, in Syria, and flourished towards the end of…

"Lyre, with seven strings. From a coin of Chalcis." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Lyre coin

"Lyre, with seven strings. From a coin of Chalcis." — Smith, 1882

"Greek lyres"

Greek lyres

"Greek lyres"

"Coin of Macedonia." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Coin of Macedonia

"Coin of Macedonia." — Smith, 1882

"Who brandishing aloft the ax of doom, That just has laid one victim at her feet, Looks round her for that other, without whom, The banquet of revenge were incomplete." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Man with ax

"Who brandishing aloft the ax of doom, That just has laid one victim at her feet, Looks round her for…

"Near the southern extremity of the plain of Marathon rises a conical mound, 30 feet high. it covers the remains of the 192 Greeks who fell in the battle. Excavations undertaken in 1890-1891 disclosed ashes, human bones and fragments of pottery belonging to the era of the Persian wars."&mdash;Webster, 1913

The Mound at Marathon

"Near the southern extremity of the plain of Marathon rises a conical mound, 30 feet high. it covers…

"While Greek tragedt grew farther and farther away from the humor and burlesque so characteristic of the old satyr dances and songs, comedy arose to incorporate within itself much of this early spirit. The comedies supplied entertainments, pure and simple, yet at the same time did much to mold public opinion." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Comedy masks

"While Greek tragedt grew farther and farther away from the humor and burlesque so characteristic of…

"Tragedy masks. The origin of Greek drama is to be found in the yearly celebrations in honor of Dionysus, god of wine. Riotous festivals were held, during which the god of wine was extolled with carousals and boisterous songs, these having been introduced to Greece from Thrace, where they were even wilder in their nature." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Tragedy masks

"Tragedy masks. The origin of Greek drama is to be found in the yearly celebrations in honor of Dionysus,…

Statue of the Greek dramatist. He is representative of Athenian New Comedy.

Menander

Statue of the Greek dramatist. He is representative of Athenian New Comedy.

"On Minerva's side Varro tells us that Cecrops found an olive tree and a fountain, and that on consulting the oracle he was told that both Minerva and Neptune had a right to the guardianship of the city, and that the Senate decided in favor of the former; the name of the city was consequently changed from Poseidonus to Athens." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Minerva

"On Minerva's side Varro tells us that Cecrops found an olive tree and a fountain, and that on consulting…

"Thesus and the Minotaur. (From a vase-painting in the Vatican Museum.) &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Thesus and the Minotaur

"Thesus and the Minotaur. (From a vase-painting in the Vatican Museum.) — The Delphian Society,…

Egg-and-dart carved molding.

Molding

Egg-and-dart carved molding.

Water-leaf carved molding.

Molding

Water-leaf carved molding.

An Eastern Orthodox monastery of Mount Athos in Greece.

Simonopetra Monastery

An Eastern Orthodox monastery of Mount Athos in Greece.

Carved lotiform from the Erechteion.

Motive

Carved lotiform from the Erechteion.

Stele head from Athens, fourth century.

Motive

Stele head from Athens, fourth century.

Stele head from Athens, fourth century.

Motive

Stele head from Athens, fourth century.

Coin of Mytelene, capital of Lesbos.

Mytilene, coin of

Coin of Mytelene, capital of Lesbos.

"Paestum, the Greek Poseidonia, was a colony of Sybaris. The malarial atmosphere of the place led to its desertion in the ninth century of our era. Hence the buildings there were not used as quarries for later structures. The so-called 'Temple of Neptune' at Paestum is one of the best preserved monuments of antiquity."&mdash;Webster, 1913

Temple of Neptune

"Paestum, the Greek Poseidonia, was a colony of Sybaris. The malarial atmosphere of the place led to…

Nike and Bull.

Nike and Bull

Nike and Bull.

"The first public monuments that arose after the Persian wars were erected under the auspices of Cimon, who was, like Pericles, a lover and patron of the arts. The principal of these were the small Ionic temple of Nike Apteros (Wingless Victory), and the Theseum, or Temple of Theseus. The temple of Nike Apteros was only 27 feet in length by 18 in breadth, and was erected on the Acropolis in commemoration of Cimon's victory at the Eurymedon." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Temple of Nike Apteros

"The first public monuments that arose after the Persian wars were erected under the auspices of Cimon,…

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken panels) of the ceilings of Propylaea, Athens.

Greek Oblong Panel

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken…

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken panels) of the ceilings of Propylaea, Athens.

Greek Oblong Panel

The Greek oblong panel has a strict palmette decoration. It is found in the painted coffers (sunken…

"A small coin of ancient Greece, in later times of silver, the sixth part of an Attic drachma, equal to 2.5 cents; multiples and sub-multiples of this coin were also used, and pieces of the value of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5 oboli, and 1/2, 1/3, 11/4th of an obolus respectively are to be found in collections." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Obolus

"A small coin of ancient Greece, in later times of silver, the sixth part of an Attic drachma, equal…

"Wine-jug, <em>Oinochoe</em>" &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Oinochoe

"Wine-jug, Oinochoe" — The Delphian Society, 1913

"From a very remote period, the Greeks had been accustomed to engage in contests of strength and agility during their times of festivity, and also at the funerals of distinguised persons. Iphitus conceived the idea of establishing a periodical festival in his own dominions, for the celebration of these ancient games, and of religious rites in honor of Jupiter and Hercules; and, having obtained the authority of the Delphinian oracle for carrying his design into execution, he instituted the festival, and appointed that it should be repeated every fourth year, at Olympia, a town of Elis." &mdash; Goodrich, 1844

Victors at the Olympic Games

"From a very remote period, the Greeks had been accustomed to engage in contests of strength and agility…

The Olympieum in Athens, Greece.

The Olympieum

The Olympieum in Athens, Greece.

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

The Palladium

The Palladium, an ancient statue.

"The Palladium." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

The Palladium

"The Palladium." —Bulfinch, 1897

The Parthenon is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered one of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy, and is considered one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a program of restoration and reconstruction. Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon was used as a treasury, and for a time served as the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire. In the 6th century AD, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin. After the Ottoman conquest, it was converted into a mosque in the early 1460s, and it even had a minaret. On 26 September 1687 an Ottoman ammunition dump inside the building was ignited by Venetian bombardment. The resulting explosion severely damaged the Parthenon and its sculptures. In 1806, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin removed some of the surviving sculptures, with Ottoman permission. These sculptures, now known as the Elgin or Parthenon Marbles, were sold in 1816 to the British Museum in London, where they are now displayed. The Greek government is committed to the return of the sculptures to Greece, so far with no success.

Parthenon

The Parthenon is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis.…

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the site of an earlier temple destroyed by the Persians. It was entirely of Pentelic marble, on a rustic basement of ordinary limestone, and its architecture, which was of the Doric order, was of purest kind." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Parthenon restored

"The Parthenon stood on this highest part of the Acropolis, near its centre, and probably occupied the…

"The Athenians, on their return to Attica, after the defeat of the Persians, found their city ruined and their country desolate." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Modern Parthenon

"The Athenians, on their return to Attica, after the defeat of the Persians, found their city ruined…

Carved pediment rinceau from one of the "Sidon" sarcophagi at Constantinopole.

Pediment

Carved pediment rinceau from one of the "Sidon" sarcophagi at Constantinopole.

"A wine jar, <em>Pelike</em>." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Pelike

"A wine jar, Pelike." — The Delphian Society, 1913

"The <em>peplus</em> was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened by meeans ofa brooch, but was frequently worn without one, in the manner represented in the annexed cut, which is copied from one of Sir W. Hamilton's vases. Each of the females in this group wears an under garmet falling down to her feet, and over it an ample <em>peplus</em>, or shawl, which she passes entirely round her body, and then throws the loose extremity of it over her left shoulder, and behind her back as distinctly seen in the sitting figure." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Peplus

"The peplus was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened…

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and maintained it in safety, and under him it rose to its highest power. And when the war broke out he proved that he had well calculated the resources of the State." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Pericles

"So long as Pericles stood at the head of Athens in time of peace, he governed it with moderation and…

"The enormous influence which Pericles exercised for so long a period over an ingenious but fickle people like the Athenians is an unquestionalbe proof of his intellectual superiority. This hold on the public affection is to be attributed to a great extent to his extraordinary eloquence. As the accomplished man of genius and the liberal patron of literature and art, Pericles is worthy of the highest admiration." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Pericles

"The enormous influence which Pericles exercised for so long a period over an ingenious but fickle people…

"This was a low boot of untanned hide, worn by ploughman and shepards." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Pero

"This was a low boot of untanned hide, worn by ploughman and shepards." — Anthon, 1891

Scene from the story, "Philemon and Baucis."

Philemon and Baucis

Scene from the story, "Philemon and Baucis."

"When Phryxsus arrived in Colchis, he sacrificed his winger ram to Jupiter, in acknowledgement of the divine protection, and deposited its golden fleece in the same diety's temple."

Phryxsus and ram

"When Phryxsus arrived in Colchis, he sacrificed his winger ram to Jupiter, in acknowledgement of the…

"Pindar, though the contemporary of Simonides, was considerably his junior. He was born either at, or in the neighborhood of Thebes in Baeotia, about the year 522 B.C. Later writers tell us that his future glory as a poet was miraculously foreshadowed by a swarm of bees which rested upon his lips when he was asleep, and that this miracle first led him to compose poetry. He commenced his profesional career at an early age, and soon acquired so great a reputation, that he was employed by various states and princes of the Hellenic race to compose choral songs." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Pindar

"Pindar, though the contemporary of Simonides, was considerably his junior. He was born either at, or…

"Plato was born in Athens in 429 B.C., the year in which Pericles died. His first literary attempts were in poetry; but his attention was soon turned to philosophy, by the teaching of Socrates, whose lectures he began to frequent at about the age of twenty." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Bust of Plato

"Plato was born in Athens in 429 B.C., the year in which Pericles died. His first literary attempts…

"Plutarch, as the great interpreter of Greece and Rome, exerted on generations succeeding him in influence perhaps greater than any other classical writer." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Plutarch

"Plutarch, as the great interpreter of Greece and Rome, exerted on generations succeeding him in influence…

"Shows the bema, or platform, from which orators addressed the assembled citizens."&mdash;Webster, 1913

Pnyx

"Shows the bema, or platform, from which orators addressed the assembled citizens."—Webster, 1913

"Theocritus asserts that there is no rememdy for Love but the Muses. He then gives an account of the love of the Cyclops Polyphemus for the sea-nymph Galatea." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Polyphemus

"Theocritus asserts that there is no rememdy for Love but the Muses. He then gives an account of the…

"Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheium." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Caryatid porch

"Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheium." —D'Anvers, 1895

"From the Frieze of the Parthenon." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Panathenaic procession

"From the Frieze of the Parthenon." — Smith, 1882

"A. Pinacotheca, B. Temple of Nike Apteros, C. Pedestal of Agrippa, D. Road leading to the central entrace, E. Central enterance, F. Hail corresponding to the Pinacotheca." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Propylea restored

"A. Pinacotheca, B. Temple of Nike Apteros, C. Pedestal of Agrippa, D. Road leading to the central entrace,…