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Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically four percent, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.

Pig Iron Manufacturing Apparatus

Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with coke, usually with limestone as a flux.…

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and fluxes. In smelting iron the ore is first roasted in a kiln in order to drive off the water, sulphur, and arsenic with which it is more or less combined in its native state, and is then subjected to the heat of a blast furnace along with certain proportions of coke or coal and limestone, varying according to the composition of the ore to be heated."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hot Blast Smelting Furnace

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and…