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Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

Cone

Each scale of the pine cone is a whole pistillate flower. (Gray, 1858).

"Cone.--A particular kind of compound fruit, such as that of the pine tribe." -Newman, 1850

Cone

"Cone.--A particular kind of compound fruit, such as that of the pine tribe." -Newman, 1850

A cone of seeds from a pine tree.

Pine Cone

A cone of seeds from a pine tree.

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. apophyses

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. closed cone

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. cone scales, dorsal view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. cone scales, ventral view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. open cone

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed wings dorsal view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed wings ventral view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Gray Pine, Pinus divaricata, (Keeler, 1915).

Gray Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Gray Pine, Pinus divaricata, (Keeler, 1915).

This shows the cluster of two leaves, bright green, of the Jersey Pine, Pinus virginiana, (Keeler, 1915).

Jersey Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of two leaves, bright green, of the Jersey Pine, Pinus virginiana, (Keeler, 1915).

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arrange along the branches in two-leaved sheathed bunches. Leaf - needle-shape, one and three fourths to two and three fourths inches long, stiff, bluntish; on the outer side smooth and rounded; on the inner side flat, and rough downwards. Cones - one and three fourths to three inches long, usually single and pointing downward. Scales - tipped with a stiff, straight prickle. Bark - of the trunk, rough and blackish. Young branches smooth (in other pines scaly). Twigs - purplish. Found - from Long Island along the coast to South Carolina, and through eastern and Middle Kentucky to Southeastern Indiana; in sandy and generally barren soil. General Information - An evergreen tree fifteen to forty feet high, irregular in shape and with straggling, spreading, or drooping branches. The timber is very "pitchy," soft, and durable, but poor even for fuel. "Next to the Gray Pine, the Jersey Pine is the most uninteresting species of the United States." - Michaux, f.

Genus Pinus, L. (Pine)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arrange along the branches…

A coniferous tree native to the northern districts of the North Island of New Zealand and is the bigest but not tallest species of tree in the country, with trunk diameters that rival Sequoias.

Kauri Pine

A coniferous tree native to the northern districts of the North Island of New Zealand and is the bigest…

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. detached cone scales dorsal view

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. detached cone scales ventral view

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. mature closed cone

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. mature open cone

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

This shows the cluster of three, slightly twisted leaves of the Loblolly Pine, Pinus taeda, (Keeler, 1915).

Loblolly Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of three, slightly twisted leaves of the Loblolly Pine, Pinus taeda, (Keeler,…

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. seed and wing

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. young cones

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The longleaf pine branch has a terminal bud.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. Branch with terminal bud

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The longleaf pine branch has…

The longleaf pine has a type of pine cone that is large, open and commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Open cone, natural size.

The longleaf pine has a type of pine cone that is large, open and commonly found in the South Atlantic…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. cross sections (magnified) of leaves.

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. cross sections (magnified) of leaves.

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. cross sections (magnified) of leaves.

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. epidermis of leaf (magnified)

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves come 3 in a bundle, 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. Leaf bundle.

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves come 3 in a bundle,…

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches long.

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Two-thirds natural size. Primary leaf bracts (magnified)

The longleaf pine commonly found in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. The leaves are 9 to 12 inches…

"1. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria excelsa). 2. Cone of Araucaria Cookii."-Whitney, 1902

Norfolk Island Pine

"1. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria excelsa). 2. Cone of Araucaria Cookii."-Whitney, 1902

A species of pine native to southern Europe. It is widely known for its edible pine nuts since prehistoric times.

Parasol Pine

A species of pine native to southern Europe. It is widely known for its edible pine nuts since prehistoric…

White pines coming into a pasture. On this land trees pay better than the poor pasture.

Pasture with Trees

White pines coming into a pasture. On this land trees pay better than the poor pasture.

There are many species of pine trees, distinguished by their types of cones.

Pine

There are many species of pine trees, distinguished by their types of cones.

There are many species of pine trees, distinguished by their types of cones.

Pine

There are many species of pine trees, distinguished by their types of cones.

The needles and cones of a pine tree.

Pine Branch

The needles and cones of a pine tree.

An illustration of a pine branch killed by the pine weevil.

Pine Branch

An illustration of a pine branch killed by the pine weevil.

An illustration of a pine branch with a pine cone at the bottom.

Pine Branch

An illustration of a pine branch with a pine cone at the bottom.

The carpellate cone of a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Scots Pine Cone

The carpellate cone of a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris).

This image shows the cross-section of the outer cells of a leaf of pine. S, stoma; E, epidermis; C, cuticle; ST, stereome; and M, Mesophyll Cells.

Pine Leaf

This image shows the cross-section of the outer cells of a leaf of pine. S, stoma; E, epidermis; C,…

"Acerose-straight, slender, rigid, and sharp-pointed."-Whitney, 1902

Pine Needle

"Acerose-straight, slender, rigid, and sharp-pointed."-Whitney, 1902

As it were of three grains or cells united; the lateral empty and light.

Pine Pollen

As it were of three grains or cells united; the lateral empty and light.

Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, they range from Arctic south to Nicaragua and Hispaniola, with the highest diversity in Mexico and California. In Eurasia, they range from Portugal and Scotland east to the Russian Far East, Japan, and the Philippines, and south to northernmost Africa, the Himalaya and Southeast Asia, with one species (Sumatran Pine) just crossing the Equator in Sumatra. Pines are also extensively planted in many parts of the Southern Hemisphere.

Pine Tree

Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, they range from Arctic south…

An illustration of a pine tree with a man standing under.

Pine Tree

An illustration of a pine tree with a man standing under.

An illustration of a pine tree.

Pine Tree

An illustration of a pine tree.

"Cone of Pinus muricata, showing the difference between the outer and inner sides of the same strobilius when the inner side is pressed against a branch. 1. A pair of leaves; 2. the end of the leaf magnified; 3, a seed, natural size." -Lindley, 1853

Bishop Pine

"Cone of Pinus muricata, showing the difference between the outer and inner sides of the same strobilius…

"Diagrammatic representation of a block of pine wood highly magnified. a, Early growth; b, late growth; c, intercellular space; d, bordered pit in tangential wall of late growth; m, f and e, bordered pit in radial wall of early growth from different points of view; h, row of medullary cells for carrying food; g, row of medullary ray cells for carrying water; k, thin place in radial wall of ray cells that carry food." -Stevens, 1916

Magnified Pine

"Diagrammatic representation of a block of pine wood highly magnified. a, Early growth; b, late growth;…

"Scotch Pine (P. slvestris). 1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins; b, pistillate catkins; c, a cone; d, needles. 2, an anther, a, side view; b, outer surface. 3, a carpel-scale, a, inner surface; b, outer surface. 4, a cone-scale, a seed-wing, and a seed. 5, section of a seed, showing the embryo." -Bergen, 1896

Scotch Pine

"Scotch Pine (P. slvestris). 1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins; b, pistillate catkins; c, a cone;…

Pinus sylvestris: the needles and cone of the Scots Pine tree.

Scots Pine

Pinus sylvestris: the needles and cone of the Scots Pine tree.

Section of a Pine-seed, showing its polycotyledonous embryo in the centre of the albumen; moderately magnified.

Section of Pine-seed

Section of a Pine-seed, showing its polycotyledonous embryo in the centre of the albumen; moderately…

Seedling of pine-seed, showing the freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just appearing.

Seedling of Pine-seed

Seedling of pine-seed, showing the freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just…

Magnified bit of a pine-shaving, taken parallel with the silver grain.

Pine-shaving

Magnified bit of a pine-shaving, taken parallel with the silver grain.

A cone that contains the reproductive structures. The familiar woody cone is the seed-producing female cone. The male cones, which produces pollen, are usually herbaceous and much less conspicuous even at full maturity.

Pinecones

A cone that contains the reproductive structures. The familiar woody cone is the seed-producing female…

Piece of a branch of Pitch Pine, with three leaves in a fascicle or bundle, in the axial of a thin scale, which answers to a primary leaf. The bundle is surrounded at the base by a short sheath, formed of the delicate scales of the auxiliary bud.

Pitch Pine

Piece of a branch of Pitch Pine, with three leaves in a fascicle or bundle, in the axial of a thin scale,…

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

Pitch Pine

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

This shows the cluster of three leaves of the Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, (Keeler, 1915).

Pitch Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of three leaves of the Pitch Pine, Pinus rigida, (Keeler, 1915).

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

Pitch Pine Seed

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

Pitch Pine Seed Wing

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Red Pine, Pinus resinosa, (Keeler, 1915).

Red Pine Needles

This shows the cluster of two leaves of the Red Pine, Pinus resinosa, (Keeler, 1915).

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches in two-leaved sheathed bunches. Leaf - needle-shape, five to eight inches long; dark, dull, green; rounded and smooth on the outside; on the inside hollowed. Cones - about two to three inches long; rounded at the base; sometimes crowded in large clusters. Scales - not armed with points or knobs. Bark - of the trunk, comparatively smooth and reddish, of a clearer red than that of any other species in the United States. Found - in dry and sandy soil from Newfoundland and the northern shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Winnipeg River, through the Northern States to Massachusetts, in the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania. Rare in the Eastern States, except in the extreme northern parts of New England. General Information - An evergreen tree fifty to eight feet high, or more, with hard and durable wood, useful for all kinds of construction. It is low-branching and regular in shape. In a note give in confirmation of his estimate of the height of the red pine, Michaux says that when the French in Quebec built the war-ship St. Lawrence, fifty guns, they made its main-mast of this pine.

Genus Pinus, L. (Pine)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches…