ClipArt ETC
"2 wheels revolving in contact, but in different planes, so as to transfer motion from one plane to another." — Williams, 1889

Mitre-wheels

"2 wheels revolving in contact, but in different planes, so as to transfer motion from one plane to…

A machine with a large revolving drum in which cement is mixed with other materials to make concrete

Concrete Mixer

A machine with a large revolving drum in which cement is mixed with other materials to make concrete

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made electro-magnetic experiments, by the annexed diagram and description. The temporary magnet a, enveloped with its insulated copper wire, is fastened to the wooden frame b, g, by means of cords or otherwise. The frame also supports the standard h, which sustains the revolving drum f, on which the paper to receive the emblematical alphabet is fixed, m being the edge of the paper. To the arm g, is appended the lever c, of wood, which has a slight vertical motion, in one direction by the steel spring d, and in the other, by the armature of soft iron e." —Comstock, 1850

Morses Telegraph

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made…

Device which converts hydraulic fluid power into mechanical force and motion by transfer of flow under pressure. It usually provided rotary mechanical motion.

Hydraulic Motor

Device which converts hydraulic fluid power into mechanical force and motion by transfer of flow under…

This machine was used to cut mouldings.

Cutter, Mouldings

This machine was used to cut mouldings.

"A pulley is a wheel having a grooved rim for carrying a rope or other line, and turning on an axis carried in a frame, called a pulley block. The pulley is movable if the block moves during the action of the power." — Avery, 1895

Movable pulley

"A pulley is a wheel having a grooved rim for carrying a rope or other line, and turning on an axis…

Niclausse Boiler, transverse section

Niclausse Boiler

Niclausse Boiler, transverse section

Opposite side of steam spraying apparatus constructed by the Shade and Fruit Tree Protective Association of New York.

Opposite Side of Steam Spray Apparatus

Opposite side of steam spraying apparatus constructed by the Shade and Fruit Tree Protective Association…

"On rolling land it is better to use one that has 3 sections with 6 to 10 wheels per section."—The Federal Digest, 1921

16-Wheel Sub-Surface Packer

"On rolling land it is better to use one that has 3 sections with 6 to 10 wheels per section."—The…

Pascal computing machine.

Pascal Computing Machine

Pascal computing machine.

An illustration of a perforating machine of the automatic telegraph.

Perforating Machine

An illustration of a perforating machine of the automatic telegraph.

An illustration of a small perforating machine used in telegraphing.

Perforating Machine (small)

An illustration of a small perforating machine used in telegraphing.

Any sound-reproducing machine using records in the form of cylinders or discs.

Machine for Phonograph

Any sound-reproducing machine using records in the form of cylinders or discs.

Record player, phonograph or gramophone was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the late 1870s until the late 1980s.

Record Phonograph

Record player, phonograph or gramophone was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the…

Machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically or electronically

Record Phonograph

Machine in which rotating records cause a stylus to vibrate and the vibrations are amplified acoustically…

This pile driver is powered by a horse. The horse will pull a cord that raises the weight. When the weight reaches the top of the device, it is released. After being released it will fall a distance before striking an object below with great force causing it to pressed into the ground.

Pile Driver

This pile driver is powered by a horse. The horse will pull a cord that raises the weight. When the…

A piston diagram from a triple expansion steam engine. The three cylinders are designed at high, medium, and low pressures, with receiver between each cylinders. This design divides work between the three piston to increase efficiency.

Piston of a Triple Expansion Steam Engine

A piston diagram from a triple expansion steam engine. The three cylinders are designed at high, medium,…

"The ordinary self-acting planing machine. Its action bears no resemblance to the familiar process of wood planing, but is analogous to that by which the successive cuts of a narrow tool produce a cylindrical surface in a slide lathe. A transverse table carries the work and forces it against the tool, which is stationary while making its cut, but between the cuts has a slight "feed" motion along its horizontal slide." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Planning Machine

"The ordinary self-acting planing machine. Its action bears no resemblance to the familiar process of…

"When large quantities of electrical fluid are wanted for experiment, or for other purposes, it is procured by an electrical machine." -Comstock 1850

Plate Electrical Machine

"When large quantities of electrical fluid are wanted for experiment, or for other purposes, it is procured…

The plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in reparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture.

Cultivation Plow

The plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in reparation for sowing seed or…

A machine invented by Andrew Meikle to seperate grain from stalks and husks.

Portable Threshing-Machine

A machine invented by Andrew Meikle to seperate grain from stalks and husks.

"Potato digger with agitating rear rack and vine separator."—The Federal Digest, 1921

Potato Digger

"Potato digger with agitating rear rack and vine separator."—The Federal Digest, 1921

This potato planter is a cup type planter for autonomous planing or graded seed potatoes. It plants tubers apart in the row and hills the row all at once.

Potato Planter

This potato planter is a cup type planter for autonomous planing or graded seed potatoes. It plants…

Arkright's water-frame wheel, the first power spinning-wheel.

Power Spinning Wheel

Arkright's water-frame wheel, the first power spinning-wheel.

This cotton press design allowed for cotton to filter through a windlass, later received by the hoop.

Cotton Press

This cotton press design allowed for cotton to filter through a windlass, later received by the hoop.

Press in which a force applied by a piston to a small area is transmitted through water to another piston having a large area

Hydraulic Press

Press in which a force applied by a piston to a small area is transmitted through water to another piston…

"Pascal's law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which the pressure of a piston operated by a lever is transmitted though a pipe to a piston of larger area." — Avery, 1895

Hydraulic press

"Pascal's law finds an important application in the hydraulic press, in the more common forms of which…

A machine used to print paper media.

Printing Press

A machine used to print paper media.

This printing press used a rotating roller to apply ink on the chosen surface.

Printing Press

This printing press used a rotating roller to apply ink on the chosen surface.

Open-delivery web machine of Hoe & Co.

Web Machine Printing Press

Open-delivery web machine of Hoe & Co.

"In all engraving upon metal plates the traces or marks which are to appear on the paper are cut or sunk into the plate." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Copper-Plate Printing

"In all engraving upon metal plates the traces or marks which are to appear on the paper are cut or…

"Reversing rod inside hollow propeller shaft: by twisting the blades round, the motion of the boat is reversed without changing the rotation of the screw."—Finley, 1917

Reversible propeller

"Reversing rod inside hollow propeller shaft: by twisting the blades round, the motion of the boat is…

"Diagram illustrating the disadvantage of an oblique pull." — Martin, 1917

Oblique pull

"Diagram illustrating the disadvantage of an oblique pull." — Martin, 1917

"The pulley is a lever with equal arms of the first or second class, but, when it moves. the attachments of the forces are moved. The underlying fact that enables the pulley to afford any mechanical advantage is the uniformity of the tension of the cord in all of its parts, the pulley itself serving only to diminish the friction." — Avery, 1895

Pulley

"The pulley is a lever with equal arms of the first or second class, but, when it moves. the attachments…

A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between two flanges around the wheel's circumference. A rope, cable or belt usually runs inside the groove. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or rotational system of motion.

Pulley

A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between…

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between two flanges around the wheel's circumference. A rope, cable or belt usually runs inside the groove. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or rotational system of motion.

Pulley Blocks

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel…

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between two flanges around the wheel's circumference. A rope, cable or belt usually runs inside the groove. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or rotational system of motion.

Pulley Blocks

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel…

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel (called a sheave) with a groove between two flanges around the wheel's circumference. A rope, cable or belt usually runs inside the groove. Pulleys are used to change the direction of an applied force, transmit rotational motion, or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or rotational system of motion.

Pulley Blocks

An illustration of a block pulley. A pulley (also called a block) is a mechanism composed of a wheel…

An illustration of an inclined plane pulley. "Let the weight w be started to move p the plane, and let P be the pull in the cord which just keeps up steadily the motion imparted to w. Then id l is the length of the plane and h its vertical height, it is evident that when w rolls the whole distance l, P falls through the same distance since the length of l of cord passes over the pulley." -Britannica, 1891

Incline Plane Pulley

An illustration of an inclined plane pulley. "Let the weight w be started to move p the plane, and let…

"The belt is thrown on to set the machine in motion, the loose pulley is pressed aside by the spiral springs on the bolts, its rim entirely touches that of the fast pulley and helps to set this latter in motion by friction." —Grimshaw, 1902

Loose Driving Pulley

"The belt is thrown on to set the machine in motion, the loose pulley is pressed aside by the spiral…

"Some forms of centrifugal pump, however, have been designed for use with horse power and even for windmills."—Government Printing Office, 1897

Centrifugal Pump

"Some forms of centrifugal pump, however, have been designed for use with horse power and even for windmills."—Government…

"A Pump is a machine, engine, or device, consisting of an arrangement of a piston, cylinder, and valves, for raising water or other liquid to a higher level, or for compressing or exhausting air and other gases. There are numerous varieties of pumps differing more or less in construction, according to the purposes for which each is intended, but the most important are the suction pump, the lifting or lift pump, the force pump, and the centrifugal or rotary pump."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chain Pump

"A Pump is a machine, engine, or device, consisting of an arrangement of a piston, cylinder, and valves,…

"The direct—acting steam pump has the steam piston at one end of a rod and the water position at the other end. The steam pressure acts directly on the piston; no fly light, and there is no revolving mass to carry by the dead points." —Derr, 1911

Direct Acting Steam Pump

"The direct—acting steam pump has the steam piston at one end of a rod and the water position…

"The lift pump or suction-pump consists of a cylinder or barrel, piston, two valves, and a suction pipe, the lower end of which dips below the surface of the liquid to be raised." — Avery, 1895

Lift pump

"The lift pump or suction-pump consists of a cylinder or barrel, piston, two valves, and a suction pipe,…

An illustration showing the application of a jet condenser to pump a well. The steam enters the engine and leaves as exhaust. The exhaust steam is cooled by the well water in the jet condenser, then gets pumped into a separator. One stream exits into the sewer, and the remainder is pumped to the boiler as liquid and recycled into the condenser as steam.

Application of Steam Engine Jet Condenser used to Pump Well Water

An illustration showing the application of a jet condenser to pump a well. The steam enters the engine…

A sliced view of a jet condenser with pump. The steam enters at D, while cold water enters at A. The steam and water mixes in E, then enters the pump chamber F. The water mixture is pumped out of the system through pipe G.

Steam Engine Jet Condenser with Pump

A sliced view of a jet condenser with pump. The steam enters at D, while cold water enters at A. The…

"Sectional elevation showing M. & G. Quadrant Bin Gates as used for all the bunkers in the Gravel Plant." -Meese, 1913

Quadrant Bin Gates

"Sectional elevation showing M. & G. Quadrant Bin Gates as used for all the bunkers in the Gravel Plant."…

A straight or slightly curved metallic bar, with teeth n one of its edge, adapted to work into the teeth of a wheel or pinion, for the purpose of converting a circular into a rectilinear motion or vice versa.

Machinery Rack

A straight or slightly curved metallic bar, with teeth n one of its edge, adapted to work into the teeth…

"A circular wheel, with teeth on the circumference, by which it can be moved or its motion stayed." — Williams, 1889

Ratchet-wheel

"A circular wheel, with teeth on the circumference, by which it can be moved or its motion stayed."…

"Hussey's Reaping-machine (cutting part)." — Chambers, 1881

Reaping-machine

"Hussey's Reaping-machine (cutting part)." — Chambers, 1881

This furnace is used to purify a gold concentrate. The gold concentrates, if non-pyritic, are treated in grinding pans in the bottom of which mercury is placed. The amalgam (mercury alloy), after squeezing out the excess mercury, is heated in the retort, to distil (separate) off the rest and leave the gold, which is then melted and cast into bars of gold bullion of varying fineness.

Retort Furnace for Gold Bullion

This furnace is used to purify a gold concentrate. The gold concentrates, if non-pyritic, are treated…

This machine was used to maintain road safety and clearance

Scrapper, Road

This machine was used to maintain road safety and clearance

Roller, washing, machine,

Roller Washing Machine

Roller, washing, machine,

"The large wheel a, is supposed to stand over the well, and b, a smaller wheel, is fixed in the water. The rope is extended between the two wheels, and rises on one side in a perpendicular disrection. On turning the wheel by the crank d, the water is brought up by the friction of the rope." -Comstock 1850

Rope Machine

"The large wheel a, is supposed to stand over the well, and b, a smaller wheel, is fixed in the water.…

A diagram of a 100 ton sand and gravel storage and handling plant. "Capacity of bucket elevator is 40 tons per hour and the belt conveyor 25 tons per hour. The swivel loading spout in combination with the fixed bucket elevator will distribute material over a considerable area." -Meese, 1913

100 Ton Sand and Gravel Storage and Handling Plant

A diagram of a 100 ton sand and gravel storage and handling plant. "Capacity of bucket elevator is 40…

"Sand Blast is one of the most wonderful uses of sand, by means of which glass, stone, metals, or any other hard substance may be cut or engraved. If a stream of sharp sand be let fall from a high box (as high as the ceiling of a room) through a tube on to a plate of glass held under it, the sand will cut away little grains of the glass till at length the whole surface will be cut or scratched and it will look like ground glass. If, instead of cutting the glass all over, it is wanted to engrave a pattern or figure on it, the workman has only to cover the parts of the glass which he does not want cut with a stencil plate made of leather, rubber, paper, wax, etc., for the sand will not cut any soft substance. Metals and stones may also be cut by means of the sand blast, which will not only scratch the surface, but will cut it away to any depth."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sand Blast Apparatus

"Sand Blast is one of the most wonderful uses of sand, by means of which glass, stone, metals, or any…

"Belt-sander. a, standard, supporting machine; b, work-table; c, fabric coated with sand, in the form of a continuous belt; d, tension-controlling mechanism; e, power connection; f, samples of finished work." -Whitney, 1911

Belt Sander

"Belt-sander. a, standard, supporting machine; b, work-table; c, fabric coated with sand, in the form…

"Disk- and Drum-sander. a a, frame of machine; b, vertical disk coated with sand; c, horizontal revolving drum coated with sand; d, work-table for presenting work to disk; e, power connection." -Whitney, 1911

Disk and Drum Sander

"Disk- and Drum-sander. a a, frame of machine; b, vertical disk coated with sand; c, horizontal revolving…

"The Savart wheel consists of a heavy metal toothed wheel that may be put in rapid revolution by pulling a cord wound upon its axis. Set such a wheel in rapid motion and hold the edge of a card against its teeth. As the speed of the wheel diminishes, the shrill tone produced by the rapid vibrations of the card correspondingly falls in pitch." — Avery, 1895

Savart wheel

"The Savart wheel consists of a heavy metal toothed wheel that may be put in rapid revolution by pulling…

"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely movable in all directions, having mounted over it a reciprocating frame in which are fixed brushes and pieces of slate or thin stone. These, with a small jet of water, scour and brush the entire surface of the leather lying on the platform, effectually scouring out bloom and all soluble impurities." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scouring Machine

"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely…