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Now known as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University or AAMU is an accredited public, coeducational land grant college located in Normal, Madison County, Alabama. It was established under the terms of the Morill Act of 1890 and is also a historically Black university.

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama

Now known as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University or AAMU is an accredited public, coeducational…

The basis for funding for the college was established by the Morrill Act, passed by the US Congress in 1862, which provides for donation of public land (land grants) to the states. The land could then be sold at public auction to establish a permanent fund to support a college where the "leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and mechanical arts...in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life."

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas

The basis for funding for the college was established by the Morrill Act, passed by the US Congress…

This illustration shows an Anzani Radial Motor with stationary cylinders and its many parts: Exhaust Valve, Valve Tappet, Air-Cooled Cylinders, Magneto, Carburetor, Gasoline Supply Pipe, Induction Tube, Intake Valve.

Anzani Radial Motor, with Stationary Cylinders

This illustration shows an Anzani Radial Motor with stationary cylinders and its many parts: Exhaust…

"Crankcase showing bearings. The heart of the automobile is the engine. It is built around the crankcase, which is its foundation or base." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 01: Crankcase

"Crankcase showing bearings. The heart of the automobile is the engine. It is built around the crankcase,…

"Crankcase with crank-shaft and fly-wheel added. The crankshaft serves the same purpose in an automobile as the pedals do on a bicycle. The fly-wheel on the end helps it to keep turning at an even speed." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 02: Crank-Shaft and Fly-Wheel

"Crankcase with crank-shaft and fly-wheel added. The crankshaft serves the same purpose in an automobile…

"Cylinders showing piston in place and connected to crankshaft. Gasoline vapor is exploded in the cylinders. This pushes the piston down, and as the piston is connected to the crankshaft it starts the crankshaft turning. The piston and the rod that connect it to the crankshaft are just like the feet and limbs of any one riding a bicycle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 03: Cylinders Showing Piston and Crankshaft

"Cylinders showing piston in place and connected to crankshaft. Gasoline vapor is exploded in the cylinders.…

"The gears or 'cogwheels' are for running the fan, the pump and other parts." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 04: Cogwheels

"The gears or 'cogwheels' are for running the fan, the pump and other parts." -Bodmer, 1917

"Cylinder added to crankcase. The cylinders are next bolted down to the crankcase, the pistons and crankshaft having been connected. A cover is placed over the gears to keep them clean." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 05: Cylinder Added to Crankcase

"Cylinder added to crankcase. The cylinders are next bolted down to the crankcase, the pistons and crankshaft…

"An oil pan or reservoir is attached to the bottom of the crankcase to hold oil for the engine." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 06: Reservoir Added

"An oil pan or reservoir is attached to the bottom of the crankcase to hold oil for the engine." -Bodmer,…

"The carburetor furnishes the gasoline vapor for the cylinders. It is connected to the engine by a crooked pipe called the intake manifold. After the gasoline has been exploded a valve opens and allows the burned gases to escape through another pipe, called the exhaust manifold." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 07: Carburetor

"The carburetor furnishes the gasoline vapor for the cylinders. It is connected to the engine by a crooked…

"Oil pump and filler added to motor. Oil is poured in the spout which is at the left of the carburetor. It runs down into the reservoir and is pumped up through the engine a little at a time." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 08: Oil Pump and Filler

"Oil pump and filler added to motor. Oil is poured in the spout which is at the left of the carburetor.…

"The electric generator makes electricity to be used for starting the engine and lighting the car." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 09: Electric Generator

"The electric generator makes electricity to be used for starting the engine and lighting the car."…

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps water flowing around the cylinders to prevent them from getting too hot. This water comes back to the pump through the radiator at the front of the car. Wind blows through the radiator and cools off the water. The tire pump on up-to-date cars is run by the engine. It does not pump except when the gears, which are shown in the picture, are pulled together." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 10: Magneto

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps…

"An electric motor starts the engine by turning the fly-wheel. This makes it unnecessary to get out and crank the car by hand." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 11: Motor

"An electric motor starts the engine by turning the fly-wheel. This makes it unnecessary to get out…

"The transmission is added. The transmission makes it possible to reverse the car. It also enables the driver to go into high-speed gear when on level roads and low-speed gear for starting and for pulling hills." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 12: Transmission

"The transmission is added. The transmission makes it possible to reverse the car. It also enables the…

"Double-drop pressed steel frame. The frame on which the car is built." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 13: Frame

"Double-drop pressed steel frame. The frame on which the car is built." -Bodmer, 1917

"Addition of semi-elliptic and three-fourths-elliptic springs to frame. Large springs are placed at the front and rear of the frame. The make the car ride smoothly." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 14: Elliptic Springs

"Addition of semi-elliptic and three-fourths-elliptic springs to frame. Large springs are placed at…

"Adding the front axle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 15: Front Axle

"Adding the front axle." -Bodmer, 1917

"Showing addition of full-floating rear axle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 16: Rear Axle

"Showing addition of full-floating rear axle." -Bodmer, 1917

"Completed engine and transmission is next fastened to the frame and connected to the rear axle by the drive shaft." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 17: Engine and Transmission Attached to the Frame

"Completed engine and transmission is next fastened to the frame and connected to the rear axle by the…

"Showing addition of gasoline tank and gas lead to carburetor." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 18: Gasoline Tank

"Showing addition of gasoline tank and gas lead to carburetor." -Bodmer, 1917

"Showing how steering gear is connected." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 19: Steering Gear

"Showing how steering gear is connected." -Bodmer, 1917

"Wheels are next added to chassis." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 20: Wheels

"Wheels are next added to chassis." -Bodmer, 1917

"Completed chassis with radiator added. The water which keeps the engine from getting too hot is pumped around the cylinders and then through the radiator. The wind blows through the little openings in the radiator, and cools off the water. Then the water is pumped around the cylinders again." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 21: Radiator

"Completed chassis with radiator added. The water which keeps the engine from getting too hot is pumped…

"The steps and fenders are next attached." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 22: Fenders

"The steps and fenders are next attached." -Bodmer, 1917

"The finished car." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 23: Finished Car

"The finished car." -Bodmer, 1917

"Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing the completed link with both halves in place; C, top view of one half-section; D, top view of the other half-section, showing the break of the joint. The interrupted side is open wide enough to pass the stock of the solid link adjacent to the repair-link on either side." -Whitney, 1911

Repair Link of Chain

"Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing…

"A drill to which a steady momentum is imparted by means of a fly-wheel having a reciprocating motion like that of the balance-wheel of a watch." -Whitney, 1911

Fly Drill

"A drill to which a steady momentum is imparted by means of a fly-wheel having a reciprocating motion…

Bevel drives of two different early model cars. (A) and (B) are the sleeves and cases for axles and gears, (D) is the driving gear, (E) is the driving pinion, (G) is a ball bearing on (E), (H H) are universal couplings on the differential, (K) are adjustments, and (L) is a yoke of a flexible driving shaft.

Bevel Drive

Bevel drives of two different early model cars. (A) and (B) are the sleeves and cases for axles and…

The ordinary fire-engine is formed by the union of two forcing-pumps which play into a common reservoir, containing in its upper portion air compressed by the working of the engine.

Fire engine pump

The ordinary fire-engine is formed by the union of two forcing-pumps which play into a common reservoir,…

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two cones, one of which is fitted into the other and communicates its motion to it by means of the friction between the two surfaces." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Cones

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two…

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and great, as in dredging-machinery, etc. In the form illustrated a strong pulley, B, is keyed on the driving-shaft, and on the circumference of this wheel, A, is fitted, with a series of friction-plates, a, a, a, interposed, and retained in recesses formed in the eye of the wheel." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Wheel

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and…

"In mechanics, the point of rest about which a lever turns in lifting a body; also, a prop or support for a lever at this point. F, Fulcrum; L, lever." -Whitney, 1911

Man with Lever and Fulcrum

"In mechanics, the point of rest about which a lever turns in lifting a body; also, a prop or support…

This illustration shows a Gnome motor with revolving cylinders and its many parts: Spark Plug; Conducting Wire from Collector Ring; Distributor Brush from Magneto; Electric Collector Ring; Fixed, Hollow Crankshaft; Connecting Rod; Piston; Revolving Crankcase; Tappet Cams (male and female); Exhaust Valve Tappet; Exhaust Valve; Intake Valve; Air-Cooled Cylinder. Gnome was the leading type of air cooled motor in the 1920s.

Gnome Motor, with Revolving Cylinders

This illustration shows a Gnome motor with revolving cylinders and its many parts: Spark Plug; Conducting…

While the Federal "Land Grant Act of 1862" mandated a college structure at the University in Columbia, the southwest Missouri region demanded offerings at Missouri State University. Dramatic changes have occurred since 1906 in the food, fiber and renewable resource industry of agriculture.

Missouri State University

While the Federal "Land Grant Act of 1862" mandated a college structure at the University in Columbia,…

A pulley, when fixed in such a way that it can only turn about a fixed axis, confers no mechanical advantage.

Pulley System

A pulley, when fixed in such a way that it can only turn about a fixed axis, confers no mechanical advantage.

This pulley arrangement gives a mechanical advantage of 2; for the lower, movable pulley may be regarded as an endless lever of the second order.

Pulley System

This pulley arrangement gives a mechanical advantage of 2; for the lower, movable pulley may be regarded…

This figure has six pulleys and one cord passes round them all. Each pulley is stretched with the same amount of force, which is equal to the power creating a mechanical advantage of 6.

Pulley System

This figure has six pulleys and one cord passes round them all. Each pulley is stretched with the same…

This arrangement have three movable pulleys, each hanging by a separate cord. The mechanical advantage is 8.

Pulley System

This arrangement have three movable pulleys, each hanging by a separate cord. The mechanical advantage…

"Road-machine. a, telescopic axle for rear wheels; b, scraper delivering spoil between rear wheels; c, platform for operator; d, seat for driver; e, e, e, e, hand-wheels controlling all operations of machine." -Whitney, 1911

Road Machine

"Road-machine. a, telescopic axle for rear wheels; b, scraper delivering spoil between rear wheels;…

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel with skew teeth, the obliquity corresponding to the angle of pitch of the screw." -Whitney, 1911

Endless Screw and Wheel

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel…

Illustrations showing the six mechanical powers: lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Simple Machines

Illustrations showing the six mechanical powers: lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge,…

"An engine designed to throw a continuous stream of water through a hose upon a conflagration, for the purpose of extinguishing it." -Whitney, 1911

Steam Engine

"An engine designed to throw a continuous stream of water through a hose upon a conflagration, for the…

This illustration shows a V type motor with eight cylinders, fans, and many other parts: Gasoline Supply Pipe, Carburetor, Water Supply Connection, Centrifugal Pump, Intake Manifold Connection, Water Jacket Connection, Cylinder, Valve Rocker Arm, Manifold, Radiator Connection, and Magneto.

V Type Motor, with Eight Cylinders

This illustration shows a V type motor with eight cylinders, fans, and many other parts: Gasoline Supply…

This statuette vase is designed in an Elizabethan style. The statuettes represent Newton, Bacon, Shakespeare, and Watt, commemorating Astronomy, Philosophy, Poetry and Mechanics.

Statuette Vase

This statuette vase is designed in an Elizabethan style. The statuettes represent Newton, Bacon, Shakespeare,…

This illustration shows a six cylinder motor and its many parts: Intake Manifold, Centrifugal Pump, Magneto, Carburetor, Spark Plug, Tractor Screw Shaft, Intake Valve, Exhaust, Exhaust Valve, Water Outlet.

Vertical Type Motor, Six Cylinder

This illustration shows a six cylinder motor and its many parts: Intake Manifold, Centrifugal Pump,…

The college of agriculture at West Virginia in Morgantown.

West Virginia Agricultural College

The college of agriculture at West Virginia in Morgantown.