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"Bessemer Converting Vessel. Bessemer Steel is steel made direct from pig iron by a process patented in 1855, and subsequently, by Henry Bessemer. This process, as now worked, is briefly as follows: The pig iron is remelted in a cupola, and poured into a large vessel called a converter, lined with fire bricks and capable of revolving upon horizontal trunnions." -Vaughan, 1906

Bessemer Converting Vessel

"Bessemer Converting Vessel. Bessemer Steel is steel made direct from pig iron by a process patented…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

"A machine for bending the edges of boiler-iron, ship-plates, or sheet-metal to form a curved or bent edge or flange." -Whitney, 1911

Flanging Machine

"A machine for bending the edges of boiler-iron, ship-plates, or sheet-metal to form a curved or bent…

"A shallow frame of wood or iron used in foundries to contain the sand and patterns employed in molding and casting." -Whitney, 1911

Two-Part Flask

"A shallow frame of wood or iron used in foundries to contain the sand and patterns employed in molding…

A contrivance for shaping, or 'turning', wood, metal, or ivory into forms of a circular or oval section. The simplest form of lathe, and one which is still generally used in India, consists of two rigid centers, between which the object is revolved by means of a piece of cord wound round it, and pulled alternately backwards and forwards. The 'dead-center' lathe, which was commonly used early in the 1800's, was but a modification of this primitive form, preserving its chief drawback of an alternating motion.

Lathe for Wood-turning

A contrivance for shaping, or 'turning', wood, metal, or ivory into forms of a circular or oval section.…

A face plate for milling on a lathe. The circular blades used for milling can be adjusted by using loosening or tightening the nuts for different cuts.

Relieving Milling Cutters Lathe

A face plate for milling on a lathe. The circular blades used for milling can be adjusted by using loosening…

A spiral milling apparatus for a lathe to create drills and flutes. The working surface is fastened to the lathe by the bolt on the left. While the rod is spinning, a spindle is inserted in a hole at a desired angle.

Spiral Milling Lathe

A spiral milling apparatus for a lathe to create drills and flutes. The working surface is fastened…

"The cutting-tool in a screw-cutting machine; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Cutting Die

"The cutting-tool in a screw-cutting machine; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

A section of a screw-cutting die.

Screw Die Section

A section of a screw-cutting die.

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock; a screw-plate." -Whitney, 1911

Screw Stock

"A handle for holding the threaded die by which the thread is cut on a bar, a nut, or a pipe; a die-stock;…

"Jewelers' box of dies, stocks, and taps (called a screw-plate set." -Whitney, 1911

Screw-Plate Set

"Jewelers' box of dies, stocks, and taps (called a screw-plate set." -Whitney, 1911