"The Act of Union with Scotland (1707) required that England and Scotland should have one flag made of the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew combined. After the union with Ireland (1801) the cross of St. Patrick was incorporated in the flag. The name 'Jack' comes from the French Jacques, referries to James I, the first sovereign of Great Britain."—Webster, 1920

The Union Jack

"The Act of Union with Scotland (1707) required that England and Scotland should have one flag made…

The Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until her death in 1901.

Queen Victoria

The Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until her death in 1901.

"The narrow room in which the House of Commons holds its sessions contains seats for less than 350 of the 707 members. The discomfort in crowding is compensated for by the ease of hearing. The representative sit on benches facing one another across the aisle. The Speaker of the House occupies a chair at the end of the room. On his right are the members of the Ministry; on his left, the Opposition. The Speaker's symbol, the mace, is carried before him when he formally leaves and enters the House, and remains on the table while he occupies the chair."—Webster, 1920

Interior of the House of Commons

"The narrow room in which the House of Commons holds its sessions contains seats for less than 350 of…

The mace is carried in order to represent an official's authority.

House of Commons Mace

The mace is carried in order to represent an official's authority.

The founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

Charles Stewart Parnell

The founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

A public square in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital.

The Place de la Concorde

A public square in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital.

A public square in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the starting point of the Rue de la Paix.

Colonne Vendôme

A public square in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the starting point of the Rue de la…

"This fine structure was built in the eighteenth century as a palace for members of the Bourbon-Condé family. It became national property during the French Revolution. The façade, which faces the Pont de la Concorde, is in the style of an ancient temple."—Webster, 1920

Chamber of Deputies (Paris)

"This fine structure was built in the eighteenth century as a palace for members of the Bourbon-Condé…

The oldest pope and had the third longest pontificate.

Leo XIII

The oldest pope and had the third longest pontificate.

A portrait of the Vatican in Italy.

The Vatican

A portrait of the Vatican in Italy.

An Italian politician who was instrumental in the formation of the united country.

Francesco Crispi

An Italian politician who was instrumental in the formation of the united country.

A portrait of the King and Queen of Spain during the 19th century.

The King and Queen of Spain

A portrait of the King and Queen of Spain during the 19th century.

King of Belgium from 1909 to 1934.

King Albert I

King of Belgium from 1909 to 1934.

"This huge building, for the use of the law courts of Brussels, was erected during the years 1866-1883, at a cost of $12,000,000. The architectural style combines Assyrian and Renaissance features."—Webster, 1920

Palais de Justice, Brussels

"This huge building, for the use of the law courts of Brussels, was erected during the years 1866-1883,…

A historical ediface in Berlin, Germany. It is the meeting place of the modern German parliament.

The Reichstagsgebäude

A historical ediface in Berlin, Germany. It is the meeting place of the modern German parliament.

"The monument stands on a wooded hillside opposite Bingen and overlooking the Rhine valley. The great base, 82 feet high, supports an impressive figure of Germania, 34 feet high, with the imperial crown and the laurel-wreathed sword. On the side of the pedestal facing the river is a design symbolizing 'The Watch on the Rhine.' The other sides of the pedestal bear designs representing various scenes in the Franco-German War."—Webster, 1920

The German National Monument

"The monument stands on a wooded hillside opposite Bingen and overlooking the Rhine valley. The great…

A Russian citadel, which includes four palaces, four cathedrals, and the Kremlin towers. It is the official residence of the President of Russia.

The Kremlin

A Russian citadel, which includes four palaces, four cathedrals, and the Kremlin towers. It is the official…

The emperor of Russia from 1825 to 1855.

Nicholas I

The emperor of Russia from 1825 to 1855.

Also known as Alexander the Liberator. He was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 1855 until his assassination in 1881.

Alexander II of Russia

Also known as Alexander the Liberator. He was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 1855 until his…

The Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Petrograd. It was built on the spot where Alexander II was assassinated.

Church of the Resurrection of Christ, Petrograd

The Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Petrograd. It was built on the spot where Alexander II was…

The last emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917.

Nicholas II of Russia

The last emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917.

"A cartoon by Sir John Tenniel which appeared in the English journal Punch for June 10, 1854. The tsar is shown holding a bombshell to his ear and, as he listens to it (as children do to sea shells), having a vision of armed men."—Webster, 1920

What Nicholas Heard in the Shell

"A cartoon by Sir John Tenniel which appeared in the English journal Punch for June 10, 1854. The tsar…

"Miss Florence Nightingale did remarkable work during the Crimean War for the relief of sick and wounded British soldiers. To her self-sacrificing labors are also due many improvements in hospital management, sanitation, and the training of nurses."—Webster, 1920

Florence Nightingale

"Miss Florence Nightingale did remarkable work during the Crimean War for the relief of sick and wounded…

The tsar of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918.

Tsar Ferdinand

The tsar of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918.

A Scottish medical missionary and explorer of Africa.

David Livingstone

A Scottish medical missionary and explorer of Africa.

A Welsh journalist and explorer famous for his exploration of Africa.

Henry M. Stanley

A Welsh journalist and explorer famous for his exploration of Africa.

The State President of South African Republic from 1883 to 1900.

Paul Kruger

The State President of South African Republic from 1883 to 1900.

A British Field Marshall who played a central role in the early part of World War I.

Lord Kitchener

A British Field Marshall who played a central role in the early part of World War I.

Founder of the state of Rhodesia, in Africa.

Cecil Rhodes

Founder of the state of Rhodesia, in Africa.

The French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and the Red Seas in 1869.

Count Ferdinand de Lesseps

The French developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and the Red Seas in 1869.