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"The Abdominal Viscera <em>in situ</em>, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum removed. The ribs on the right side are indicated by Roman numerals; it will be observed that the eighth costal cartilage articulated with the sternum on both sides." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Abdomen

"The Abdominal Viscera in situ, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum…

"The main rib or arch-band which crosses a vault at right angles and separates adjoining bays from each other. Image: Arcs in vaulting, perspective and plan. A B, C D, arcs doubleaux; A D, C B, arcs ogives; A C, B D, arcs formerets."-Whitney, 1902

Arc Boutant

"The main rib or arch-band which crosses a vault at right angles and separates adjoining bays from each…

Muscles of the thorax and front of the arm, showing some of the boundaries of the axilla.

Muscles of the Arm and Thorax

Muscles of the thorax and front of the arm, showing some of the boundaries of the axilla.

Diagrammatic representation of a segment of the axial skeleton V, a vertebra; C, Cv, ribs articulating above with the body and transverse process of the vertebra; S, the breastbone. The lighter-shaded part between S and C is the costal cartilage.

Segment of the Axial Skeleton

Diagrammatic representation of a segment of the axial skeleton V, a vertebra; C, Cv, ribs articulating…

An outline of a cow, illustrating the different cuts of beef.

Cuts of beef

An outline of a cow, illustrating the different cuts of beef.

Structure of the chest, showing the framework of the bones which are connected together chiefly by muscles. It is important to understand the structure of the chest in order to understand how the movements of the chest are made in inspiration and expiration. The spinal column <em>b,b</em> is the grand pillar that supports this barrel-shaped framework. The ribs <em>c, c, c</em> are fastened very strongly by ligaments to the spinal column. They are 2 in number, 12 on each side and extend round towards the breast bone (sternum) <em>a</em> in front.

Structure of the Chest

Structure of the chest, showing the framework of the bones which are connected together chiefly by muscles.…

The eleventh and twelfth ribs have each a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size; they have no neck or tuberosity, and are pointed at the extremity.

Eleventh Rib

The eleventh and twelfth ribs have each a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large…

The first rib is the shortest and the most curved of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is of small size, rounded, and presents only a single articular facet for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra.

First Rib

The first rib is the shortest and the most curved of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together, or the marginal projections on the tires of railroad-car wheels to keep them on the rails." -Whitney, 1911

Flange

"A projecting edge, rim, or rib on any object, as the rims by which cast-iron pipes are connected together,…

Fifth right rib as seen from below.

Rib

Fifth right rib as seen from below.

Fifth right rib as seen from behind.

Rib

Fifth right rib as seen from behind.

Fourth rib. Labels: a, vertebral extremity, called the head, which is connected with the bodies of the two contiguous dorsal vertebrae. At b, the bone is contracted, forming the neck; c, is the tubercle at the back of the rib, which is articulated with the transverse process of the vertebrae; d, the angle; e, the sternal extremity; f, a groove for the intercostal vessels. This will serve for a general description of the ribs.

Fourth Rib

Fourth rib. Labels: a, vertebral extremity, called the head, which is connected with the bodies of the…

Twelfth rib, nearly straight.

Twelfth Rib

Twelfth rib, nearly straight.

The ribs of the left side, with the dorsal and two lumbar vertebrae, the rib cartilages, and the sternum.

The Ribs

The ribs of the left side, with the dorsal and two lumbar vertebrae, the rib cartilages, and the sternum.

Ribs and corresponding vertebral bodies in their ligaments, viewed from the right.

Ribs and Corresponding Vertebral Bodies

Ribs and corresponding vertebral bodies in their ligaments, viewed from the right.

The elevation of the ribs is accompanied by a slight opening out of the angle which the bony part forms with its cartilage (A); and thus an additional means is provided for increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the chest.

Movement of Ribs in Inspiration

The elevation of the ribs is accompanied by a slight opening out of the angle which the bony part forms…

Vertebral ends of tenth, eleventh, and twelfth ribs of right side from below.

Ribs, Ends of

Vertebral ends of tenth, eleventh, and twelfth ribs of right side from below.

The axes of rotation of rib movement is two; one corresponding with a line drawn through two articulations which the ribs forms with the spine (a, b); and the other with a line drawn from one of these (head of rib) to the sternum (A, B); the motion of the rib around the latter axis being somewhat after the fashion of raising the handle of a bucket.

Movement of Ribs

The axes of rotation of rib movement is two; one corresponding with a line drawn through two articulations…

The second rib is much longer than the first, but bears a very considerable resemblance to it in the direction of its curvature. The nonarticular portionof the tuberosity is occasionally only slightly marked.

Second Rib

The second rib is much longer than the first, but bears a very considerable resemblance to it in the…

The serratus magnus muscle is a large curved quadrilateral muscle occupying the side of the chest and inner wall of the axilla.

Serratus Magnus Muscle

The serratus magnus muscle is a large curved quadrilateral muscle occupying the side of the chest and…

Sternum and ribs with ligaments, from in front. In the right half of the figure the most anterior layer has been removed and the joint cavities have been opened; the parts are separated somewhat from one another on the left side.

Sternum and Ribs

Sternum and ribs with ligaments, from in front. In the right half of the figure the most anterior layer…

The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head.

Tenth Rib

The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head.

Diagram showing the Thoracic and Abdominal regions of a human.

Thoracic and Abdominal Regions

Diagram showing the Thoracic and Abdominal regions of a human.

"The <em>ribs</em> are long, flat, and curved bones which bend round the chest somewhat like the hoops of a barrel. There are twenty-four ribs, twelve on each side." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Thorax

"The ribs are long, flat, and curved bones which bend round the chest somewhat like the hoops…

Showing the changes in the thorax which follow scoliosis of the spine. The convexity of the spinal curvature is towards the right; on the side the ribs are sharply bent at their angles. On the concave (left) side their ribs have an open angle.

Changes in the Thorax following Scoliosis of the Spine

Showing the changes in the thorax which follow scoliosis of the spine. The convexity of the spinal curvature…

The bony thorax, anterior view.

Anterior View of Bony Thorax

The bony thorax, anterior view.

The thorax as seen from in front.

Front View of Thorax

The thorax as seen from in front.

The bony thorax, lateral view.

Lateral View of Bony Thorax

The bony thorax, lateral view.

The thorax as seen from right side.

Side View of Thorax

The thorax as seen from right side.

The skeleton of the thorax, front view.

Skeleton of the Thorax

The skeleton of the thorax, front view.

The eleventh and twelfth ribs have each a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size; they have no neck or tuberosity, and are pointed at the extremity.

Twelfth Rib

The eleventh and twelfth ribs have each a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large…