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The kudu, or koodoo is a species of antelope known for its large, twisted horns.

Kudu

The kudu, or koodoo is a species of antelope known for its large, twisted horns.

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelidæ contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

Right cardiac bone of an ox. Labels: a, anterior angle; b, posterior angles; c, superior border; d, anterior border; e, posterior border; f, right surface.

Cardiac Bone of an Ox

Right cardiac bone of an ox. Labels: a, anterior angle; b, posterior angles; c, superior border; d,…

The giraffe or camelopardalis is the tallest land animal and the largest ruminant.

Giraffe

The giraffe or camelopardalis is the tallest land animal and the largest ruminant.

The Himalayan Goral (Naemorhedus goral) is a ruminant in the Bovidae family.

Himalayan Goral

The Himalayan Goral (Naemorhedus goral) is a ruminant in the Bovidae family.

The skeleton of an ox. Axial Skeleton. The skull. Cranial Bones- occipital, 1: b, parietal, 2; a, frontal, 2; c, temporal, 2; sphenoid, 1; ethmoid, 1; auditory ossicles, 8. Facial Bones- h, nasal, 2; e, lachrymal, 2; d, malar, 2; f, maxilla, 2; g, premaxilla, 1; i, inferior maxilla, 2; palatine, 2; pterygoid, 2; vomer, 1; turbinals, 4; hyoid series, 7. Teeth: incisors, 6; canines, 2; molars, 24. The trunk- k, cervical vertebrae, 7; l, dorsal vertebrae, 13; m, lumbar vertebrae, 6; n, sacrum ( five segments), 1; o, coccygal vertebrae (variable), 20; p, ribs, 26; * sternum (seven sternebrae), 1. Appendicular skeleton. Pectoral limb. t, scapula, 2; u, humerus, 2; v, radius, 2; w, ulna, 2. Carpus- x, trapezium, 2; y, cuneiform, 2; z, lunar; a', scaphoid, 2; b', unciform, 2; c', magnum, 2. Metacarpus: d', large bone, 2; e', small bone, 4; f', large sesamoids, 8. Digit- g', proximal phalanges, 4; h', median phalages, 4; i', distal phalanges, 4; k', small sesamoids, 4. Pelvic Limb. Pelvis- q, ilium, 2; s, ischium, 2; r, pubis, 2. The limb- l', femur, 2; m', patella, 2; n', tibia, 2. Tarsus-o', maleolar, 2; p', calcaneum, 2; q', astragalus, 2; r', cubocuneiform, 2; s', cuneiforme medium, 2; t', cuneiforme parvum, 2. Metatarsus: large bone, 2; u', small bone, 2. Large sesamoids, 8. Digit: proximal phalanges, 4; median phalanges, 4; distal phalanges, 4; small sesamoids, 4. Visceral skeleton. Bones of the heart, 2. The separate bones of the ruminant skeleton, as here considered are 251.

Ox Skeleton

The skeleton of an ox. Axial Skeleton. The skull. Cranial Bones- occipital, 1: b, parietal, 2; a, frontal,…

Skull of an ox, superior aspect. Labels: a, frontal crest; b, lateral crest; c, horn core; d, nasal peak; e, supraorbital foramina. Bones: 1, frontal; 2, lachrymal; 3, malar; 4, superior maxillary; 5, nasal; 6, premaxilla, with incisive openings.

Ox Skull

Skull of an ox, superior aspect. Labels: a, frontal crest; b, lateral crest; c, horn core; d, nasal…

Ruminants (those animals that chew the cud), as the sheep, have a stomach with four cavities. Labels: 1, esophagus; 2, rumen; 3, reticulum; 4, omasum; 5, abomasum or rennet; 6, intestine.

The Stomach of a Sheep

Ruminants (those animals that chew the cud), as the sheep, have a stomach with four cavities. Labels:…

Stomach of an sheep seen from the left side- the last three compartments are laid open and reflected forwards. Labels: a, esophagus; Ru., rumen; Ret., reticulum; Ps., psalterium; A., abomasum; Du., duodeum. The esophageal canal is seen traversing the lesser curvature of the reticulum.

Stomach of a Sheep

Stomach of an sheep seen from the left side- the last three compartments are laid open and reflected…

Compartments of a ruminant stomach, laid open. A, rumen- a, pillars; b, papilla; c, esophageal orifice. B, reticulum- a, alveoli; b, esophageal canal. C, psalterium- a, hooked papillae; b, valve at orifice leading to abomasum; c, d, e, f, leaves graduated from large to small. D, abomasum- a, folds of mucous membrane; b, pyloric orifice; c, duodenum.

Stomach of a Sheep

Compartments of a ruminant stomach, laid open. A, rumen- a, pillars; b, papilla; c, esophageal orifice.…

Ruminants (those animals that chew the cud), as the ox, have a stomach with four cavities. Labels: 1, The esophagus. 2, The rumen (paunch). 3, The reticulum (honeycomb). 4, The omasum (many-plies). 5, The abomasum(rennet). 6, The intestine.

Stomach of an Ox

Ruminants (those animals that chew the cud), as the ox, have a stomach with four cavities. Labels: 1,…