"Sea-walls. A. Plymouth (England) breakwater; a, a, level of the top; b, b, low water at spring tide; c, bottom; d, foreshore; e, sea-slope; f, top." -Whitney, 1911

Plymouth Breakwater

"Sea-walls. A. Plymouth (England) breakwater; a, a, level of the top; b, b, low water at spring tide;…

"F. Wall of sheet-piling at Havre, France, with earth embankment behind the piles." -Whitney, 1911

Sheet Piling

"F. Wall of sheet-piling at Havre, France, with earth embankment behind the piles." -Whitney, 1911

"E. Dutch polder-bank, consisting of sheet-piling with earth filling, and an apron of rubble on the side toward the sea." -Whitney, 1911

Polder

"E. Dutch polder-bank, consisting of sheet-piling with earth filling, and an apron of rubble on the…

"B. Sea-dike: e, the sea-bottom; a, rubble; b, core; c, facing of stone; d, sea-level." -Whitney, 1911

Sea-Dike

"B. Sea-dike: e, the sea-bottom; a, rubble; b, core; c, facing of stone; d, sea-level." -Whitney, 1911

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

Zuidplas

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911

Zuidplas

'C and D. Sectional diagrams of inclosure of Zuid Plas, near Rotterdam, Holland." -Whitney, 1911