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"After pouring mercury into the U-tube, the level of mercury is marked by a. c and e refer to the positions of the mercury after water has been added so that the water fills one side of the U-tube." -Avery 1895

Effects of Water on Mercury in a U-tube

"After pouring mercury into the U-tube, the level of mercury is marked by a. c and e refer to the positions…

"...a tube with a slit at the further end through which the light enters, and at the other end a collimating lens which brings the rays into a parallel beam (the slit is formed between two parallel edges the distance between which can be varied at will)..." —Whitney, 1889

Prism Spectroscope from the Late 19th Century

"...a tube with a slit at the further end through which the light enters, and at the other end a collimating…

"The common pump consists of a hollow tube, the lower part of which, descending into the water, is called the suction-pipe, and the upper part, b, the battel or cylinder; of a spout, s, at the top of the cylinder; of an air-tight priston, which works up and down in the cylinder; and of two valves, both opening upwards, one of which, g, is placed at the top of the suction-pipe, and the other, p, in the piston." — Wells, 1857

Pump

"The common pump consists of a hollow tube, the lower part of which, descending into the water, is called…

"1. In rope-drilling, a cylinder, provided with a valve at the bottom, which is lowered into the drill-hole from time to time to remove the pulverized rock, or sludge. Also called a sludger. 2. A powerful water-jet with an annular nozle inclosing a tube which is sunk in loose sand, and operates as an injector to lift the sand with the water which discharges back through the tube. a. sand to be removed, b. suction-pipe, c. induction-pipe, d. discharge-pipe" —Whitney, 1889

Sand Pump

"1. In rope-drilling, a cylinder, provided with a valve at the bottom, which is lowered into the drill-hole…

"An example of a form of reading lamp is seen here. The lamp is mounted on a standard on which it can be raised or lowered at will, and fixed by a thumb screw. The oil reservoir is in two parts, the upper ac being an inverted flask which fits into bb, from which the burner is directly fed through the tube d; h is an overflow cup for any oil that escapes at the burner, and it is pierced with air-holes for admitting the current of air to the center tube of the Argand burner. The lamp is filled with oil by withdrawing the flask ac, filling it, and inverting it into its place. The under reservoir bb fills from it to the burner level ee, on a line with the mouth of ac. so soon as that level falls below the mouth of ac, a bubble of air gets access to the upper reservoir, and oil again fills up bb to the level ec, and so on it goes as long as combustion continues and the supply of oil in ac endures." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Reading Lamp

"An example of a form of reading lamp is seen here. The lamp is mounted on a standard on which it can…

"It consists of a glass tube or capsule A, having on the bottom and a little way up a highly polished silver surface, and closed by a cork with two holes. through one of these holes the stem of a thermometer B passes, having its bulb at the bottom of the silvered capsule, and the other end may, if desired, be connected with an aspirator or air-pump. In making an observation as much either is introduced into the capsule A as will cover the bulb of the thermometer, and then by transmitting air through the tube C the ether vapor is withdrawn from the capsule A through another tube D." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Regnaults Hygrometer

"It consists of a glass tube or capsule A, having on the bottom and a little way up a highly polished…

"AB is a strong metal tube, closed at the lower end, and carrying at the upper a bent pipe for admitting the compressed gas and a stop-cock R pierced with holes in a T form. DE and FG are two graduated glass tubes communicating at their lower ends by a narrow passage in the metal block to which they are hermetically fixed. DE and AB Also communicate at the upper ends by a passage in a metal piece attached bermetically to them. By the stop-cock R', having radial holes at right angles to each other, DE can communicate either with AB or with the atmosphere at O; and by the stop-cock R'' it can communicate either with FG or with the open air. The three tubes are surrounded by a cylinder MM' containing water to keep the temperature constant. The tube AB is filled with the compressed gas whose pressure is to be ascertained. Mercury is poured into FG till it fills DE and runs out at O." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Regnaults Manometer

"AB is a strong metal tube, closed at the lower end, and carrying at the upper a bent pipe for admitting…

"This instrument consists of a glass tube of narrow bore, 16 to 17 inches long, to which is blown a glass globe 3 to 4 inches in diameter. This tube is partially filled with some colored fluid which confines the air in the flobe, a wide reservoir at the other end of the tube allows the fluid to accumulate without sensible change of level. The stand of the instrument consists of two pieces hinged together, so that the tube can be laced at a small inclination to the horizon." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reibungselectricitat

"This instrument consists of a glass tube of narrow bore, 16 to 17 inches long, to which is blown a…

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil, and other matters; a public drain. A, B, C, D, E forms used in London, Paris, and other European cities; F, G, H, I, J, K, L, special forms used in New York and other American cities. F shows a method of repairing with tiles at the bottom of an oval sewer. G, tile-bottomed sewer. H, barrel sewer...of wood bound with iron. I, a form used for large sewers. J, section of pipe sewer. K, half section of sewer having section similar to B, but also provided with a spandrel. L, the aqueduct form, used for large sewers only, it rests on a bed of concrete." —Whitney, 1889

Collection of Sewer Cross-Sections

"A conduit or canal constructed, especially in a town or city, to carry off superfluous, water, soil,…

"The action of the siphon illustrates the effect of atmospheric pressure. It is simply a bent tube having unequal branches, open at both ends, and is used to convey a liquid from a higher point to a lower, over an intermediate point higher than either." — Hallock, 1905

Siphon

"The action of the siphon illustrates the effect of atmospheric pressure. It is simply a bent tube having…

"A bent tube with one limb longer than the other, by means of which a liquid can be drawn off to a lower level over the side of a vessel or other point higher than the upper surface of the liquid."—Finley, 1917

Siphon

"A bent tube with one limb longer than the other, by means of which a liquid can be drawn off to a lower…

"Rotate the disk slowly, blowing meanwhile through a tube of about 3/16 inch bore, the nozzle of the tube being held opposite the interior ring of holes. As each successive hold comes before the end of the tube, a puff of air goes through the disk. As the speed of the disk increases, the puffs become more frequent, and finally blend into a whizzing sound in which the ear can detect a smooth tone. As the disk is given an increasing velocity, this tone rises in pitch." -Avery 1895

Siren

"Rotate the disk slowly, blowing meanwhile through a tube of about 3/16 inch bore, the nozzle of the…

"A double nut which has right-hand and left-hand threads for attaching the joint-ends of rods or tubes; a union. a, a1, rods or pipes to be joined, a having a right-hand screw and a1 a left-hand screw, to which screws the right and left sleeve-nut b is fitted." -Whitney, 1889

Sleeve Nut

"A double nut which has right-hand and left-hand threads for attaching the joint-ends of rods or tubes;…

"Take a tube bent like the letter U, and, having filled it with water, place a finger on each end, and in this state plunge one of the ends into a vessel of water, so that the end in the water shall be a little the highest then remove the fingers and the liquid will flow out, and continue to do so until the vessel is exhasted." -Comstock 1850

Syphon

"Take a tube bent like the letter U, and, having filled it with water, place a finger on each end, and…

"The following description of a section of Lord Rosse's telescope, though not so perfect as could be desired, is the best we could obtain. it exhibits a view of the inside of the eastern wall, with the tube, and machinery by which it is moved. A is the mason-work on the ground; B the universal joint, which allows the tube to turn in all directions; C the speculum in the tube; E the eye-piece through which the observer looks; F a pulley by which the tube is moved; H a chain attached to the pulley, and to the side of the tube; I, a chain running to K, the counterpoise; L, a lever connecting the chain M with the tube; Z another chain which passes from the upper part of the tube over a pulley at W, (not seen) and crosses to the opposite wall; X a railroad on which the speculum is drawn either to or from the tube. The dotted line H, shows the course of the weight R, as the tube rises or falls. The tube is moved from wall to wall by a ratchet wheel at R, which is turned by the lever O, on the circle N, the ends of which are fixed in the two walls." —Comstock, 1850

Telescope

"The following description of a section of Lord Rosse's telescope, though not so perfect as could be…

A test tube

Test tube

A test tube

"To the end of the delivery-tube of a Florence flask containing water, attach a 'trap' so that the water that condenses in the delivery-tube may be retained in the trap." — Avery, 1895

Trap

"To the end of the delivery-tube of a Florence flask containing water, attach a 'trap' so that the water…

A slender tube, held by a pair of tongs.

Tube and tongs

A slender tube, held by a pair of tongs.

"A small bronchial tube and the air sacs in which it ends." — Ritchie, 1918

Bronchial tube

"A small bronchial tube and the air sacs in which it ends." — Ritchie, 1918

A piece of laboratory equipment. It is a laboratory tube used much in the same way as a boiling tube except not being as large and thick-walled.

Ignition Tube

A piece of laboratory equipment. It is a laboratory tube used much in the same way as a boiling tube…

A tube near the waterline of a vessel through which a torpedo is fired

Torpedo Tube

A tube near the waterline of a vessel through which a torpedo is fired

This worm is also called a fan worm, plume worm or red tube worm. <p> "A Linnean genus of worms, subsequently used with various restrictions, now type of the family <i>Serpulidae</i>. They are cephalobranchiate tubicolous annelids, inhabiting cylindrical and serpentine or tortuous calcareous tubes, often massed together in a confused heap, and attached to rocks, shells, etc. in the sea." -Whitney, 1889

Calcareous Tubeworm (Serpula)

This worm is also called a fan worm, plume worm or red tube worm. "A Linnean genus of worms, subsequently…

"U-tube used in pressure experiments." -Avery 1895

U-tube

"U-tube used in pressure experiments." -Avery 1895

"U-tube used in pressure experiments." -Avery 1895

Double U-tube

"U-tube used in pressure experiments." -Avery 1895

"Suppose the cistern a to be capable of holding one hundred gallons, and into its bottom there be fitted the tube b, bent, as seen in the figure, and capable of containing one gallon. The top of the cistern, and that of the tube, being open, pour water into the tube at c, and it will rise up through the perpendicular bend into the cistern, and if the process be continued, the cistern will be filled by pouring water into the tube. Now it is plain, that the gallon of water in the tube presses against the hundred gallons in the cistern, with a force equal to the pressure of the hundred gallons, otherwise, that in the tube would be forced upwards higher than that in the cistern, whereas, we find that the surfaces of both stand exactly at the same height." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Water Pressure

"Suppose the cistern a to be capable of holding one hundred gallons, and into its bottom there be fitted…

"Suppose a number of vessels, of different shapes and sizes to have a communication between them, by means of a small tube, passing from the one to the other. If, now, one of these vessels be filled with water, or if water be poured into the tube A, all the other vessels will be filled at the same instant, up to the line B C. Therefore, the pressure of the water A, balances that in 1, 2, 3, while the pressure in each of these vessels is equal to that in the other, and so an equilibrium is produced throughout the whole series." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Water Pressure

"Suppose a number of vessels, of different shapes and sizes to have a communication between them, by…

"The animal in this case is inclosed in a cacareous tube, the anterior extremity of which is closed by a curious perforated disk; the other end is ornamented with several ruffle-like bands." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tube of the water-pot shell magnified

"The animal in this case is inclosed in a cacareous tube, the anterior extremity of which is closed…

"The animal in this case is inclosed in a cacareous tube, the anterior extremity of whichi is closed by a curious perforated disk; the other end is ornamented with several ruffle-like bands." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tube of the watering-pot shell

"The animal in this case is inclosed in a cacareous tube, the anterior extremity of whichi is closed…

A whirling-table, with a brass tube attached. A cork is shooting out of the tube.

Whirling table

A whirling-table, with a brass tube attached. A cork is shooting out of the tube.

"1, Screw-wrench; 2, Tap-wrench; 3, Angle-wrench; 4, Tube-wrench; 5, Monkey-wrench for hexagonal and square nuts." &mdash; Williams, 1889

Wrenches

"1, Screw-wrench; 2, Tap-wrench; 3, Angle-wrench; 4, Tube-wrench; 5, Monkey-wrench for hexagonal and…