"Railroad route from an old time-table."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Rail-road Route

"Railroad route from an old time-table."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Trail between Peter Cooper's locomotive <em>Tom Thumb</em> and one of Stockton's and Stokes' horse cars."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Railroad Trail

"Trail between Peter Cooper's locomotive Tom Thumb and one of Stockton's and Stokes' horse…

"Peter Cooper's locomotive, 1829."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Cooper's Locomotive

"Peter Cooper's locomotive, 1829."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Obverse and Reverse of a ticket used in 1838 on the New York and Harlem Railroad."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Railroad Ticket

"Obverse and Reverse of a ticket used in 1838 on the New York and Harlem Railroad."—E. Benjamin Andrews,…

"Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1830."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Baltimore & Ohio RR

"Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1830."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Old Boston & Worcester Railway ticket, about 1837."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

railway ticket

"Old Boston & Worcester Railway ticket, about 1837."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"The <em>South Carolina</em>, 1831, and plan of its running gear."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

South Carolina

"The South Carolina, 1831, and plan of its running gear."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Boston and Worcester Railroad, 1835."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Boston & Worcester

"Boston and Worcester Railroad, 1835."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

The basis for funding for the college was established by the Morrill Act, passed by the US Congress in 1862, which provides for donation of public land (land grants) to the states. The land could then be sold at public auction to establish a permanent fund to support a college where the "leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and mechanical arts...in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life."

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas

The basis for funding for the college was established by the Morrill Act, passed by the US Congress…

A boy building a wooden shelf in shop class.

Shop Class

A boy building a wooden shelf in shop class.

An illustration of a cotton mill in Columbus, Georgia. A cotton mill is a factory housing spinning and weaving machinery. Cotton was the leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as a cotton spinning was mechanized in mills.

Cotton Mill

An illustration of a cotton mill in Columbus, Georgia. A cotton mill is a factory housing spinning and…

In 1911, there were many Indian Industrial Schools. Picture here are some Indian apprentices making harness.

Indian Apprentices Making Harness

In 1911, there were many Indian Industrial Schools. Picture here are some Indian apprentices making…

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines have a long history, going back almost two thousand years. Early devices were not practical power producers, but more advanced designs became a major source of mechanical power during the industrial revolution. Modern steam turbines generate about half of the electric power in the world.

Steam Engine

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam…

The first completely automated loom was made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745. A different power loom was built by Edmund Cartwright in 1785. Originally, powered looms were shuttle-operated but in the early part of the 20th century the faster and more efficient shuttleless loom came into use. Today, advances in technology have produced a variety of looms designed to maximize production for specific types of material. The most common of these are air-jet looms and water-jet looms. Computer-driven looms are now also available to individual (non-industrial) weavers. Industrial looms can weave at speeds of six rows per second and faster.

Loom

The first completely automated loom was made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745. A different power loom was…

James Watt (19 January 1736 &ndash; 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both Britain and the world.

James Watts

James Watt (19 January 1736 – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer…

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 &ndash; January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known as the inventor of the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the industrial revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost his profits in legal battles over patent infringement, closed his business, and nearly filed bankruptcy.

Eli Whitney Jr.

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known as the inventor…

An illustration of the common hemp plant. Hemp (from Old English h&aelig;nep) is the common name for plants of the entire genus Cannabis, although the term is often used to refer only to Cannabis strains cultivated for industrial (non-drug) use.

Hemp

An illustration of the common hemp plant. Hemp (from Old English hænep) is the common name for…

"Industrial-railway Turn-table. a, circular base with channel for ball-bearing, showing ring of balls; b, under side of table; c, table in position, showing cross-tracks; d, latch for cover. A car is run by hand on the turn-table, the table turned one quarter of the way round, and the car run off on a track at right angles to the first track." -Whitney, 1911

Railway Turntable

"Industrial-railway Turn-table. a, circular base with channel for ball-bearing, showing ring of balls;…

"Industrial Railway. a, cast-iron plates bedded in concrete for boiler-room floor; b, section of boiler; c, cast-iron track; d, charging-car with outside-flange wheels." -Whitney, 1911

Industrial Railway

"Industrial Railway. a, cast-iron plates bedded in concrete for boiler-room floor; b, section of boiler;…

An illustration of a fixed hand revolving jib crane. A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. Jib cranes are used in industrial premises and on military vehicles. The jib may swing through an arc, to give additional lateral movement, or be fixed. Similar cranes, often known simply as hoists, were fitted on the top floor of warehouse buildings to enable goods to be lifted to all floors.

Fixed Hand Revolving Jib Crane

An illustration of a fixed hand revolving jib crane. A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal…

A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. Jib cranes are used in industrial premises and on military vehicles. The jib may swing through an arc, to give additional lateral movement, or be fixed. Similar cranes, often known simply as hoists, were fitted on the top floor of warehouse buildings to enable goods to be lifted to all floors.

Jib Crane

A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist,…

An illustration of a portable jib crane. A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib or boom), supporting a moveable hoist, is fixed to a wall or to a floor-mounted pillar. Jib cranes are used in industrial premises and on military vehicles. The jib may swing through an arc, to give additional lateral movement, or be fixed. Similar cranes, often known simply as hoists, were fitted on the top floor of warehouse buildings to enable goods to be lifted to all floors.

Portable Jib Crane

An illustration of a portable jib crane. A jib crane is a type of crane where a horizontal member (jib…

An illustration of the exterior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. The process was independently discovered in 1851 by William Kelly. The process had also been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Bessemer Converter (Exterior)

An illustration of the exterior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive…

An illustration of the interior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. The process was independently discovered in 1851 by William Kelly. The process had also been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

Bessemer Converter (Interior)

An illustration of the interior of the Bessemer converter. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive…

Pittsburg Landing is a town in Hardin County, Tennessee and is named for the industrial heritage of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Much of the Battle of Shiloh was fought at Pittsburg Landing during the Civil War.

Pittsburg Landing in Tennessee

Pittsburg Landing is a town in Hardin County, Tennessee and is named for the industrial heritage of…

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 &ndash; 22 January 1901) was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death. Her reign as the Queen lasted 63 years and seven months, longer than that of any other British monarch before or (as of 2009) since. The period centered on her reign is known as the Victorian era, a time of industrial, political, and military progress within the United Kingdom.

Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was from 20 June 1837 the Queen…

John F. Oberlin was a Alsatian pastor and philanthropist. Oberlin College, an American liberal arts college in Ohio, was named for him upon its founding in 1833. In 1766, after studing theology in his hometown, he became pastor of Waldersbach, a remote and barren region in Steintal, a valley in the Vosges on the borders of Alsace and Lorraine. He set himself to better the material, and spiritual, condition of the inhabitants. He began by constructing roads through the valley and erecting bridges, inciting the peasantry to the enterprise by his personal example. He introduced an improved system of agriculture. Substantial cottages were erected, and various industrial arts were introduced. He founded an itinerant library, originated infant schools, and established an ordinary school at each of the five villages in the parish. In the work of education he received great assistance from his housekeeper, Louisa Scheppler. He died in 1826, and was interred with great manifestations of honor and affection at the village of Urbach.

John Frederick Oberlin

John F. Oberlin was a Alsatian pastor and philanthropist. Oberlin College, an American liberal arts…

A belt conveyor consists of two or more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material, the conveyor belt which rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the non powered pulley is called the idler. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; Those handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling such as those used to transport industrial and agricultural materials. Generally in outdoor locations. Generally companies providing general material handling type belt conveyors do not provide the conveyors for bulk material handling. In addition there are a number of commercial applications for belt conveyors such as those in grocery stores.

Conveyer Belt

A belt conveyor consists of two or more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material, the conveyor belt…

Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include heating of buildings, cooking, and industrial processes. An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is simply an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current through a resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy.

Electric Heater Case

Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications…

Drive screw is a threaded fastener used in industrial application. The screw is designed to last long by having a strong and durable head.

Drive Screw

Drive screw is a threaded fastener used in industrial application. The screw is designed to last long…

A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric or other material together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.

Sewing Machine

A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric or other material together with thread.…

This is a combination scrubber and mop for both household and industrial cleaning.

Combined Scrubber and Mop

This is a combination scrubber and mop for both household and industrial cleaning.

A can opener (also known as a tin opener) is a device used to open metal cans.

Industrial Can Opener

A can opener (also known as a tin opener) is a device used to open metal cans.

Device that is used for lifting and moving large objects; A framework that is constructed over a mine or oil well for the purpose of boring or lowering pipes

Industrial Derrick

Device that is used for lifting and moving large objects; A framework that is constructed over a mine…

Steel mill where metal is rolled into sheets and bars

Rolling Mill

Steel mill where metal is rolled into sheets and bars

The first manufacturing warehouse in New York.

First Warehouse in New York

The first manufacturing warehouse in New York.

Jute, also known as Calcutta Hemp, is a fiber obtained from several species of the genus Corchorus of the order Tiliaceæ, and employed in the manufacture of the coarser textiles. The great bulk of the world's supply is derived from two species, C. capsularis and C. olitorius (Jew's Mallow), both of which are indigenous to Bengal, India, where from remote times they have been cultivate for economic purposes. The two species are similar in appearance, but may be distinguished by the form of the seed pods, which are nearly spherical in C. capsularis, and long and narrow in C. olitorius. Both plants are herbaceous annuals with straight, slender stalks from 5 to 15 feet in height, branched at the top, and bearing small yellow flowers. The fiber, which is derived from the inner bark, is of a creamy yellow or light buff color and of a silky luster. It spins well, but is not as strong as flax or hemp, and deteriorates rapidly. The young shoots are used as pot herbs.
Jute is grown chiefly in Bengal, though it is raised to a limited extent in China, Formosa, and Southern Japan. It can be grown successfully in the South Atlantic and Gulf States of the United States, but lack of mechanical methods for preparing the fiber has prevented its cultivation on an industrial scale. Attempts to naturalize it elsewhere have generally failed.
For its most successful cultivation, jute requires a soft, deep soil and a hot, moist atmosphere, alluvial lands being especially adapted to its production.
This illustration shows Corchorus capsularis.

Jute

Jute, also known as Calcutta Hemp, is a fiber obtained from several species of the genus Corchorus of…

Determination of an average load imposed by an industrial plant.

Industrial Plant

Determination of an average load imposed by an industrial plant.