Color illustration of a 28 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Texas. This flag was in use from July 04, 1846 until July 3, 1847.

28 Star United States Flag, 1846

Color illustration of a 28 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Texas.…

Color illustration of a 29 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Iowa. This flag was in use from July 04, 1847 until July 3, 1848.

29 Star United States Flag, 1847

Color illustration of a 29 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Iowa.…

Color illustration of a 30 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wisconsin. This flag was in use from July 04, 1848 until July 3, 1851.

30 Star United States Flag, 1848

Color illustration of a 30 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wisconsin.…

Color illustration of a 31 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of California. This flag was in use from July 04, 1851 until July 3, 1858.

31 Star United States Flag, 1851

Color illustration of a 31 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of California.…

Color illustration of a 32 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Minnesota. This flag was in use from July 04, 1858 until July 3, 1859.

32 Star United States Flag, 1858

Color illustration of a 32 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Minnesota.…

Color illustration of a 33 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oregon. This flag was in use from July 04, 1859 until July 3, 1861.

33 Star United States Flag, 1859

Color illustration of a 33 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oregon.…

Color illustration of a 34 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Kansas. This flag was in use from July 04, 1861 until July 3, 1863.

34 Star United States Flag, 1861

Color illustration of a 34 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Kansas.…

Color illustration of a 35 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of West Virginia. This flag was in use from July 04, 1863 until July 3, 1865.

35 Star United States Flag, 1863

Color illustration of a 35 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of West…

Color illustration of a 36 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nevada. This flag was in use from July 04, 1865 until July 3, 1867.

36 Star United States Flag, 1865

Color illustration of a 36 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nevada.…

Color illustration of a 37 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nebraska. This flag was in use from July 04, 1867 until July 3, 1877.

37 Star United States Flag, 1867

Color illustration of a 37 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nebraska.…

Color illustration of a 38 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Colorado. This flag was in use from July 04, 1877 until July 3, 1890.

38 Star United States Flag, 1877

Color illustration of a 38 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Colorado.…

Color illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. This flag was in use from July 04, 1890 until July 3, 1891.

43 Star United States Flag, 1890

Color illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho,…

Color illustration of a 44 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wyoming. This flag was in use from July 04, 1891 until July 3, 1896.

44 Star United States Flag, 1891

Color illustration of a 44 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wyoming.…

Color illustration of a 45 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Utah. This flag was in use from July 04, 1896 until July 3, 1908.

45 Star United States Flag, 1896

Color illustration of a 45 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Utah.…

Color illustration of a 46 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oklahoma. This flag was in use from July 04, 1908 until July 3, 1912.

46 Star United States Flag, 1908

Color illustration of a 46 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oklahoma.…

Color illustration of a 48 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Arizona and New Mexico. This flag was in use from July 04, 1912 until July 3, 1959.

48 Star United States Flag, 1912

Color illustration of a 48 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Arizona…

Color illustration of a 49 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Alaska. This flag was in use from July 04, 1959 until July 3, 1960.

49 Star United States Flag, 1959

Color illustration of a 49 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Alaska.…

Color illustration of a 50 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Hawaii. This flag has been used since July 04, 1960.

50 Star United States Flag, 1960

Color illustration of a 50 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Hawaii.…

Black line illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island. This flag was in use from June 14, 1777 until May 1, 1795.

13 Star United States Flag, 1776

Black line illustration of a 13 Star United States flag. The original 13 stars represent the states…

Black line illustration of a 20 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee. This flag was in use from July 04, 1818 until July 3, 1819.

20 Star United States Flag, 1818

Black line illustration of a 20 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of…

Black line illustration of a 21 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Illinois. This flag was in use from July 04, 1819 until July 3, 1820.

21 Star United States Flag, 1819

Black line illustration of a 21 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 23 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Alabama and Maine. This flag was in use from July 04, 1820 until July 3, 1822.

23 Star United States Flag, 1820

Black line illustration of a 23 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of…

Black line illustration of a 24 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Missouri. This flag was in use from July 04, 1822 until July 3, 1836.

24 Star United States Flag, 1822

Black line illustration of a 24 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 25 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Arkansas. This flag was in use from July 04, 1836 until July 3, 1837.

25 Star United States Flag, 1836

Black line illustration of a 25 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 26 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Michigan. This flag was in use from July 04, 1837 until July 3, 1845.

26 Star United States Flag, 1837

Black line illustration of a 26 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 28 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Texas. This flag was in use from July 04, 1846 until July 3, 1847.

28 Star United States Flag, 1846

Black line illustration of a 28 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 29 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Iowa. This flag was in use from July 04, 1847 until July 3, 1848.

29 Star United States Flag, 1847

Black line illustration of a 29 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 30 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wisconsin. This flag was in use from July 04, 1848 until July 3, 1851.

30 Star United States Flag, 1848

Black line illustration of a 30 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 31 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of California. This flag was in use from July 04, 1851 until July 3, 1858.

31 Star United States Flag, 1851

Black line illustration of a 31 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 32 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Minnesota. This flag was in use from July 04, 1858 until July 3, 1859.

32 Star United States Flag, 1858

Black line illustration of a 32 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 33 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oregon. This flag was in use from July 04, 1859 until July 3, 1861.

33 Star United States Flag, 1859

Black line illustration of a 33 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 34 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Kansas. This flag was in use from July 04, 1861 until July 3, 1863.

34 Star United States Flag, 1861

Black line illustration of a 34 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 35 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of West Virginia. This flag was in use from July 04, 1863 until July 3, 1865.

35 Star United States Flag, 1863

Black line illustration of a 35 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 36 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nevada. This flag was in use from July 04, 1865 until July 3, 1867.

36 Star United States Flag, 1865

Black line illustration of a 36 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 37 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Nebraska. This flag was in use from July 04, 1867 until July 3, 1877.

37 Star United States Flag, 1867

Black line illustration of a 37 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 38 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Colorado. This flag was in use from July 04, 1877 until July 3, 1890.

38 Star United States Flag, 1877

Black line illustration of a 38 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Washington. This flag was in use from July 04, 1890 until July 3, 1891.

43 Star United States Flag, 1890

Black line illustration of a 43 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of…

Black line illustration of a 44 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Wyoming. This flag was in use from July 04, 1891 until July 3, 1896.

44 Star United States Flag, 1891

Black line illustration of a 44 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 45 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Utah. This flag was in use from July 04, 1896 until July 3, 1908.

45 Star United States Flag, 1896

Black line illustration of a 45 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 46 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Oklahoma. This flag was in use from July 04, 1908 until July 3, 1912.

46 Star United States Flag, 1908

Black line illustration of a 46 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 48 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of Arizona and New Mexico. This flag was in use from July 04, 1912 until July 3, 1959.

48 Star United States Flag, 1912

Black line illustration of a 48 Star United States flag. The additional stars represent the states of…

Black line illustration of a 49 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Alaska. This flag was in use from July 04, 1959 until July 3, 1960.

49 Star United States Flag, 1959

Black line illustration of a 49 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

Black line illustration of a 50 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of Hawaii. This flag has been used since July 04, 1960.

50 Star United States Flag, 1960

Black line illustration of a 50 Star United States flag. The additional star represents the state of…

"Crab's-eye vine. Weather Plant. Fig. 64. - Height 10-12 ft.; frequently trailing over the ground S.: lfts. oblong, in numerous pairs: fls. varying from rose to white: seeds bright scarlet, with a black spot, used by Buddhists for rosaries, in India as standard weight, and in the W. Indies in bead word. Seeds irritant; also used as an abortive in the U.S.A variety with cream-colored bean is offered by Reasoner Bros.: Tropics generally. -The claims make for its weather-fortelling properties are exposed by Oliver in Kew Bull. Jan., 1890. It does, however, "go to sleep" during storms, but this is a feature of other legumes. Sometimes confounded with Rhynchosia phaseoloides (R. precatoria), which has similar seeds, but is a very different plant with large, 3-foliolate, bean-like lvs." L.H. Bailey, 1917

Crab's-Eye Vine

"Crab's-eye vine. Weather Plant. Fig. 64. - Height 10-12 ft.; frequently trailing over the ground S.:…

The Coat of Arms of George Washington's family. It is said to be in inspiration of the stars and stripes on the flag of the United States.

Washington Family Coat of Arms

The Coat of Arms of George Washington's family. It is said to be in inspiration of the stars and stripes…

An illustration of a girl dressed as Betsy Ross.

Betsy Ross Girl

An illustration of a girl dressed as Betsy Ross.

Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W. India, China, Japan and North America. Considered a weed in some parts of the United States where it has been well established in the north eastern States for over 100 years.

Four Leaf Clover

Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W.…

An illustration of a four leaf clover sporocarp with valves opened. Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W. India, China, Japan and North America. Considered a weed in some parts of the United States where it has been well established in the north eastern States for over 100 years.

Four Leaf Clover Sporocarp with Valves Opened

An illustration of a four leaf clover sporocarp with valves opened. Four leaf clover is found in central…

This is a plan of the church of San Ambrogio, Italy. This is an example of Italian Lombard Romanesque architecture. This church represents the "earliest [example] of the solution of the great problem which was exercising the minds of the church builders towards the end of the 11th century, the vaulting of the nave." The scale is in feet.

Plan of San Ambrogio, 1000–1200

This is a plan of the church of San Ambrogio, Italy. This is an example of Italian Lombard Romanesque…

This is a plan of the San Michele, Pavia, Italy. This is an example of Italian Lombard Romanesque architecture. This church represents the "earliest [example] of the solution of the great problem which was exercising the minds of the church builders towards the end of the 11th century, the vaulting of the nave." The scale is in feet.

Plan of San Michele, Pavia, 1000–1200

This is a plan of the San Michele, Pavia, Italy. This is an example of Italian Lombard Romanesque architecture.…

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Würms, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Germany. The scale is in feet. Construction was started in AD 1000 and continued until 1025. In Germany and Italy up until this point in architecture open timber roofing or flat ceilings were being used, however this problem was "solved in Germany, as well as in Italy, [with the] vaulting over the nave, and the cathedrals of Spires, Worms and Mainz are the three most important churches in which this was accomplished,"

Plan of Cathedral at Worms, AD 1000–1025

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Würms, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture…

Commonly called Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Chinaberry or Bead Tree, Lunumidella, Ceylon Cedar, Melia azedarach(syn. M. australis, M. japonica, M. sempervivens, M. dubia ), is a deciduous tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to India, southern China and Australia. In South Africa it is commonly but erroneously called Syringa, which is in fact the lilac genus. The genus Melia includes four other species, occurring from southeast Asia to northern Australia. They are all deciduous or semi-evergreen trees.

Persian Lilac

Commonly called Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Chinaberry or Bead Tree, Lunumidella, Ceylon Cedar, Melia…

Eolianite or aeolianite is any rock formed by the lithification of sediment deposited by aeolian processes; that is, the wind. In common use, however, the term refers specifically to most common form of eolianite: coastal limestone consisting of carbonate sediment of shallow marine biogenic origin, formed into coastal dunes by the wind, and subsequently lithified. It is also known as kurkar in the Middle East, miliolite in India and Arabia, and gres dunaire in the eastern Mediterranean.

Eolianite

Eolianite or aeolianite is any rock formed by the lithification of sediment deposited by aeolian processes;…

The temples of Ellora is an archeological site that was found in Aurangabad, India. It was built by the Rashtrakuta Dynasty that ruled parts of India during the 6th and 10th century. The temples consist of caves that were carved out of the Charanandri Hills.

Temples of Ellora

The temples of Ellora is an archeological site that was found in Aurangabad, India. It was built by…

An architectural decoration of the finial commonly found in Gothic architecture. The finial was used to decorate poles on the building and flag poles.

Gothic Architecture Finial

An architectural decoration of the finial commonly found in Gothic architecture. The finial was used…

An illustration of four fleas competing in a hurdle-race. The flea in first place is crawling under a hurdle and grabbing a flag.

Flea Race

An illustration of four fleas competing in a hurdle-race. The flea in first place is crawling under…

Constructed by weaving textile fibers into a network or web. Fabric may be natural or synthetic. Until approximately the middle of the twentieth century, natural fiber fabric was predominate in flag making. Traditional flag fabrics are wool, cotton, linen, and silk.

Textile Fabric

Constructed by weaving textile fibers into a network or web. Fabric may be natural or synthetic. Until…

A blue orchid, native to India.

Vanda Caerulea

A blue orchid, native to India.

Perennial grass belonging to the Poaceae family, seen throughout India.)

Vetiveria Zizanioides

Perennial grass belonging to the Poaceae family, seen throughout India.)

A rubber tree common to India, used to derive Assam rubber.

Ficus Elastica

A rubber tree common to India, used to derive Assam rubber.