ClipArt ETC
"The cone B would be developed by cutting a right section as S—S whose stretchout will be a circle are, location the elements on it and finding the true length of each from the vertex to the line of intersection." —French, 1911

Intersection of Two Cones

"The cone B would be developed by cutting a right section as S—S whose stretchout will be a circle…

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are accepted by practically all who use conventional cross—hatching... Those given are part of the codes of government standards of the Bureau of Steam Engineering and the Bureau of Construction U.S.N." —French, 1911

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Material Symbols

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are…

The Linotype machine is a line casting machine that is commonly used in printing. This machine modernized printing in particular the newspaper publishing companies. Linotypes made possible for a relatively small number of operators to set type for many pages on a daily basis.

Early Model Linotype Machine

The Linotype machine is a line casting machine that is commonly used in printing. This machine modernized…

This is a hay lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by about four lines powered by some means such as man hauling, so that the pole can move in all four directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end, like with a crane.

Hinged Hay Derrick

This is a hay lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is…

This is a combination step ladder, clothes rack, and ironing board. A step ladder is hinged in the middle to form an inverted V, with stays to keep the two halves at a fixed angle. A clothes rack refers to a frame upon which clothes are hung after washing to easily let each garment dry. Most ironing is done on an ironing board, a small, portable, foldable table with a heat resistant top. Some commercial-grade ironing boards incorporate a heating element and a pedal-operated vacuum to pull air through the board and dry the garment.

Combination Step Ladder, Clothes Rack, and Ironing Board

This is a combination step ladder, clothes rack, and ironing board. A step ladder is hinged in the middle…

This machine features a paper roll holding spindle with a cutting attachment. A paper cutter is a tool often found in offices and classrooms, designed to cut a large set of paper at once with a perfectly straight line.

Paper Holder and Cutter

This machine features a paper roll holding spindle with a cutting attachment. A paper cutter is a tool…

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Sketching Vertical Line

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Sketching Horizontal Line

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length of pencil which covers a line of the model rotating the arm, with the thumb held in position, until the pencil coincides with another line, and estimating the proportion of this measurement to the second line." —French, 1911

Estimating Lines using Pencil

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length…

A belt conveyor is made up of two or more pulleys, with a continuos belt running through it. One or both of the pulleys

Dual Pulley Conveyer Belt

A belt conveyor is made up of two or more pulleys, with a continuos belt running through it. One or…

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation, thus the shore line of a body of water represents a contour. If the water should rise one foot the new shore line would be another contour, with foot 'contour interval.'" —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation,…

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting at the summit and making heavier strokes for steeper slopes. The rows of strokes should touch the pencil line, to avoid white streaks along the contours." —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour Map Method of Execution

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting…

A series of standard topography symbols, ranging from city to state line, commonly used in drafting.

Topography Symbols

A series of standard topography symbols, ranging from city to state line, commonly used in drafting.

An illustration of sharpening a pen to equal shape and length using a a stone soaked in oil. The pen is held about 30 degrees, and drawing line back and forth until sharpened to desired shape and length.

Sharpening Pen using Stone

An illustration of sharpening a pen to equal shape and length using a a stone soaked in oil. The pen…

An illustration of even line shading using ruled lines. Lined shading is commonly used in patents.

Even Line Shading Tint

An illustration of even line shading using ruled lines. Lined shading is commonly used in patents.

An exercise in creating a line shading, where the line is becoming thicker. The pen is slightly changed throughout the drawing.

Line Shading Light to Dark Tint

An exercise in creating a line shading, where the line is becoming thicker. The pen is slightly changed…

An illustration of creating a line shading from dark to light. The lines are gradually become thin. The pen is slightly changed throughout the drawing.

Line Shading Dark to Light Tint

An illustration of creating a line shading from dark to light. The lines are gradually become thin.…

"Illustrating the rule that an inclined illuminated surface is lightest nearest the eye and an inclined surface in shade is darkest nearest the eye." —French, 1911

Line Shading Application

"Illustrating the rule that an inclined illuminated surface is lightest nearest the eye and an inclined…

An example of the cylinder shaded by lines. The area without lines are where the light hit the cylinder. The line become darker when it is away from the light source.

Cylinder Line Shading

An example of the cylinder shaded by lines. The area without lines are where the light hit the cylinder.…

"A row of cylinders of different sizes. The effect of polish is given by leaving several brilliant lines, as might occur if light came in through several windows." —French, 1911

Series of Cylinder Line Shading

"A row of cylinders of different sizes. The effect of polish is given by leaving several brilliant lines,…

"A conical surface may be shaded by driving a fine needle at the apex and swinging a triangle about it, as in (A). To avoid a blot at the apex of a complete cone the needle may be driven on the extension of the side as in (B), or it may be shaded by parallel line as in (C)." —French, 1911

Different Cone Shading

"A conical surface may be shaded by driving a fine needle at the apex and swinging a triangle about…

An application of line shading for curved surfaces used in mechanical drawing. The surfaces are shaded by using the cone shading technique.

Shaded Single Curved Surfaces

An application of line shading for curved surfaces used in mechanical drawing. The surfaces are shaded…

A line shading for spheres by guessing how the surface would look when shaded.

Sphere Shading

A line shading for spheres by guessing how the surface would look when shaded.

An application of shading using double curved surfaces of a screw in the socket.

Screw Shading

An application of shading using double curved surfaces of a screw in the socket.

A thumb screw shading illustrating a double curved surface line shading technique.

Thumb Screw Shading

A thumb screw shading illustrating a double curved surface line shading technique.

Shading wheel using lines by estimating how the light hit the surface.

Wheel Shading

Shading wheel using lines by estimating how the light hit the surface.

An application of shading double curved surface of a lever.

Lever Shading

An application of shading double curved surface of a lever.

Line shading of a pipe using double curved surface technique.

Piper Shading

Line shading of a pipe using double curved surface technique.

A pay phone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money (usually coins) or a credit card or debit card before a call is made.

Pay Phone

A pay phone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money (usually coins) or a…

An illustration of the plane flying over land from point A to B by flying the plane with the direction of the plane. Then, flying to point D by creating a diagonal line at 100 mph onto destination point B.

Aeroplane Flying Over Plane

An illustration of the plane flying over land from point A to B by flying the plane with the direction…

A motion diagram of the aeroplane, or airplane, illustrating the plane's direction to create thrust and small angle of incidence relative to the horizontal line.

Aeroplane Motion Diagram

A motion diagram of the aeroplane, or airplane, illustrating the plane's direction to create thrust…

The illustration showing the centrifugal governor metal ball removed from the lathe to draw 180 degree lines. These lines are used to guide the machinists to create the balls in a lathe.

Metal Centrifugal Governor Ball Height Gage

The illustration showing the centrifugal governor metal ball removed from the lathe to draw 180 degree…

"For brass or other soft metals there may be used with advantage a twist drill as shown. The cutting edges of the drill are ground straight and in line with the body of the drill for a distance of 0.03 to 0.06 in. = 0.8 to 1.6 mm. This prevents the breaking of the drill when it goes through the work—piece." —Grimshaw, 1902

Twist Drills for Brass

"For brass or other soft metals there may be used with advantage a twist drill as shown. The cutting…

"The large driving cone J is hollow, the smaller or driven one convex. The latter presses, when desired, against the ineer surface of the former; its speed depends upon its position with regard to the axis of the driver. When its axis is in line with that of the driver, it has the same speed; the further it is drawn laterally therefrom, the greater the speed." —Grimshaw, 1902

Friction Coupling for Various Speed Adjustment

"The large driving cone J is hollow, the smaller or driven one convex. The latter presses, when desired,…

A World War I radio communication at Bordeaux. The United States Army built the radio station for a direct communication line.

French Radio Station at Bordeaux Built by American Army

A World War I radio communication at Bordeaux. The United States Army built the radio station for a…

"DE being chosen as an isometric line or axis, a second axis, YY, is drawn isometrically perpendicular to it. Points C and F lie on this axis, and their position is readily determined, since measurements may be made on this line. As line AB, drawn through C, is an isometric line, points A and B may be located at their proper distances to the right and left of the axis YY." —Anthony, 1904

Pentagon Elevation and Projection Scaling

"DE being chosen as an isometric line or axis, a second axis, YY, is drawn isometrically perpendicular…

The illustration showing angles of 15, 30, and 45 degrees at angles 45 and 30 degrees. Measurement of angles is created by drawing at point E at 45 or 30 degrees, then draw a straight line from E to estimate the desired angle.

Measuring Angles in Isometric Planes

The illustration showing angles of 15, 30, and 45 degrees at angles 45 and 30 degrees. Measurement of…

The illustration of the side view of the oblique timber inserted into the horizontal timber. The drawing is done by drawing the square base, then draw an angled parallel line from the base.

Side View of Oblique Timber Framed in to Horizontal Timber

The illustration of the side view of the oblique timber inserted into the horizontal timber. The drawing…

The illustration of an irregular curves for solid. The isometric projection of the curve can be drawn by the series of perpendicular lines parallel to the axis.

Drawing Irregular Isometric Curves of Solid

The illustration of an irregular curves for solid. The isometric projection of the curve can be drawn…

A rolled out, or development, of the cylinder. The development is created by drawing the top curve with the dashed line where the folds are.

Development of Cylinder

A rolled out, or development, of the cylinder. The development is created by drawing the top curve with…

An exercise problem to create a vanishing point using lines. The line is drawn by placing a dot into the middle of the paper, then draw the lines angled into the middle. This creates an illusion that the lines are continuing for a long distance.

Vanishing Point Using Lines

An exercise problem to create a vanishing point using lines. The line is drawn by placing a dot into…

A problem exercise to creating a star using series of triangles and squares. The image is divided by the dotted line to scale images to appropriate size.

Star Construction Using Triangles and Squares

A problem exercise to creating a star using series of triangles and squares. The image is divided by…

"Use the T square and 45 degree triangle to divide the square as indicated, the size of the small squares being ½". This is an excellent test of precision in measurement and lining. Care must be observed in the inking of this figure to allow each line to dry before inking the next one." —Anthony, 1904

Drawing Diagonal Lines with T Squares and Triangle

"Use the T square and 45 degree triangle to divide the square as indicated, the size of the small squares…

A diagonal line pattern drawing exercise in for T square and triangle. The image is constructed by dividing the paper into squares with the T square, and the diagonal lines are drawn using a 45 degree triangle.

Drawing Exercise for Drawing Diagonal Line Pattern using T Square and Triangle

A diagonal line pattern drawing exercise in for T square and triangle. The image is constructed by dividing…

The construction of a star with square overlapping each other using a triangle and T square. This image is drawn by dividing the paper with dashed lines using T square. Using the 45 degree triangle, draw diagonal lines to create the star and the star.

Constructing Star and Box Overlap Pattern using T Square and Triangle

The construction of a star with square overlapping each other using a triangle and T square. This image…

A problem exercise to construct a star overlapping square using a triangle and T square. The image is drawn by dividing the paper with dashed lines using T square. Using the 45 degree triangle, draw diagonal lines to create the star and the star.

Constructing 4 Point Star Overlapping Box Pattern using T Square and Triangle

A problem exercise to construct a star overlapping square using a triangle and T square. The image is…

An exercise problem drawing a series of horizontal lines using a straight edge or triangle without using a T square.

Horizontal Solid Line Drawing Exercise

An exercise problem drawing a series of horizontal lines using a straight edge or triangle without using…

An exercise for mechanical drawing to construct a series of horizontal lines. The solid lines are drawn without using a T square, while the dashed lines are produced using a T square.

Horizontal Solid and Dashed Line Drawing Exercise

An exercise for mechanical drawing to construct a series of horizontal lines. The solid lines are drawn…

A fishing lure is an object which is attached to the end of a fishing line which is designed to resemble and move like the prey of a fish.

Artificial Bait

A fishing lure is an object which is attached to the end of a fishing line which is designed to resemble…

An inscribed circle pattern exercise for mechanical drawing. The pattern is drawn by dividing the horizontal line into half inches. Using a compass, draw the large circle then the smaller circle tangent to the bigger circle using a bow instrument.

Drawing Exercise of Inscribed Circle Pattern Tangent to Left Side

An inscribed circle pattern exercise for mechanical drawing. The pattern is drawn by dividing the horizontal…

Mechanical drawing exercise for circle with two tangent points on both sides of the circle. The paper is first divided into quarters, then the large circle is drawn. Smaller circles are then drawn within the circle tangent to the horizontal line.

Inscribed Circle with Smaller Circles at Tangent Points Both Sides of the Large Circle Mechanical Drawing Exercise

Mechanical drawing exercise for circle with two tangent points on both sides of the circle. The paper…

A mechanical drawing exercise of drawing a curved line with circle in the middle. The image is drawn by drawing a small circle in the middle. The curved lines around the circle is drawn by using the ticked line as the radius.

Curved Line with Circle Mechanical Drawing Exercise

A mechanical drawing exercise of drawing a curved line with circle in the middle. The image is drawn…

A mechanical drawing practice problem of shading the sides of the inscribed circles. The darker area shows where the light is not hitting the image making the 2D image look 3D. These shadings are done in pen.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Shading Sides of Inscribed Circle with Ink

A mechanical drawing practice problem of shading the sides of the inscribed circles. The darker area…

A practice exercise for mechanical drawing to line shade the plate with elliptic holes. The plate is drawn by creating the ellipsoid shapes. Then carefully draw diagonal lines onto the background of the ellipses with pen.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Line Shading Plates with Holes in Ink

A practice exercise for mechanical drawing to line shade the plate with elliptic holes. The plate is…

"This is a practice in the joining of shaded arcs, the smaller of which should be drawn with the bow—Pen, and the larger with the compasses. The section lining must be done only in ink." —Anthony, 1904

Mechanical Drawing Exercise Line Shading Plates with Joining Arcs in Ink

"This is a practice in the joining of shaded arcs, the smaller of which should be drawn with the bow—Pen,…

This clothes pin serves several purposes, initially used to grab onto clothing garments which hung from drying lines.

Clothes Pin

This clothes pin serves several purposes, initially used to grab onto clothing garments which hung from…

"Sir David Gill devised a measuring machine which combines the rapidity of the glass—scale micrometer with the accuracy of the spider—line micrometer and simplifies the reductions of the observations at the same time." —Encyclopaedia Brittannica, 1910

Gill's Measuring Machine for Micrometer

"Sir David Gill devised a measuring machine which combines the rapidity of the glass—scale micrometer…

"Repsolds' more recent form of the spider—line micrometer (since 1893) for large telescope. Quick motion in Position—angle for rough setting or for the measurement of close double stars is given by the large ring R." —Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

Repsolds Spider Line Micrometer for Quick Position Angle Motion

"Repsolds' more recent form of the spider—line micrometer (since 1893) for large telescope. Quick…

This is the chassis of a vehicle without any wheels, just the metal framework which is usually tested at factories for standards before being shipped to the following production line.

Vehicle Body Without Wheels

This is the chassis of a vehicle without any wheels, just the metal framework which is usually tested…

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods to guide the in a straight line. James Watt and William Murdoch invented the throttle valve, centrifugal valve, regulator, and slide valve to improve on the steam engine.

Watt's Final Steam Engine Design

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods…