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"Dromaeognathous skull of a tinamou (Tinamus robustus); copies by Shufeldt from Huxley. Letters as before; Mxp, maxillo-palatine. The tinamous, Dromaeognathae "have a completely struthious palate"; vomer very broad, uniting in front with broad maxillo-palatine plates as in Dromaeus; behind articulating with posterior ends of palatines and anterior ends of pterygoids, both of which are thus prevented, as in all Ratitae, from any extensive connection with the rostrum; basipterygoid processes springing from body of sphenoid, not from its rostrum, articulating with pterygoids very near the posterior or outer ends of the latter; head of quadrate with a single articular facet, as in Ratitae." Elliot Coues, 1884

The Skull of a Tinamou

"Dromaeognathous skull of a tinamou (Tinamus robustus); copies by Shufeldt from Huxley. Letters as before;…

"Ceratorhina monocerata. Unicorn Auk. Horn-bill Auk. Adults in summer: Bill orange-yellow. Culmen and base of upper mandible dusky; feet some yellow color, the tarsi behind and the soles blackish; claws black. The sharp feathers of the head white, about an inch long. Entire upper parts glossy blue-black; a line of white along edge of forearm. Sides of head and neck, of body along under the wings, with chin, throat, and fore-breast, clear grayish-ash, or pale bluish-gray; under parts from breast pure white, shading insensibly into the color of the sides and flanks. Inner webs of wing- and tail-feathers grayish-brown, paler toward base, the shafts of the primaries dull whitish at base." Elliot Coues, 1884

Horn-billed Auk in Summer

"Ceratorhina monocerata. Unicorn Auk. Horn-bill Auk. Adults in summer: Bill orange-yellow. Culmen and…

"Ceratorhina monocerata. Unicorn Auk. Horn-bill Auk. In winter: Bill orange-yellow. Culmen and base of upper mandible dusky; feet some yellow color, the tarsi behind and the soles blackish; claws black. The sharp feathers of the head white, about an inch long. Entire upper parts glossy blue-black; a line of white along edge of forearm. Sides of head and neck, of body along under the wings, with chin, throat, and fore-breast, clear grayish-ash, or pale bluish-gray; under parts from breast pure white, shading insensibly into the color of the sides and flanks. Inner webs of wing- and tail-feathers grayish-brown, paler toward base, the shafts of the primaries dull whitish at base." Elliot Coues, 1884

Horn-billed Auk in Winter

"Ceratorhina monocerata. Unicorn Auk. Horn-bill Auk. In winter: Bill orange-yellow. Culmen and base…

"Simorhynchus pusillus. Least Auk. Knob-nosed Auk. Bill small and simple, but stout for its length, scarcely higher than wide at base, rather obtuse at tip. A small knob or tubercle at the base of the culmen, which is deciduous. No crest; but front, and sides of head more or less thickly lined with delicate white thready feathers; a similar series, exceedingly fine, from the eye along sides of hind head and nape. Excepting these filaments, the entire upper parts glossy black; region about under mandible, and a few feathers along the sides of body and flanks, blackish; under parts white, more or less extensively mottles or clouded with blackish. Lining of wings white, with dark feathers along edge. Bill red, the know and base of upper mandible dark. Legs (dry) undefinably dark, the front of tarsus and tops of toes lighter." Elliot Coues, 1884

Least Auks

"Simorhynchus pusillus. Least Auk. Knob-nosed Auk. Bill small and simple, but stout for its length,…

"Brachyrhamphus craverii. Craveri's Murrelet. Entire upper parts unvararied cinereous, slightly darker on head; this color extending on head to include eyelids, and a little farther down on the nape; thence in a straight line along middle of side of neck to shoulders, thence along sides of body in a strip nearly an inch broad, the elongated flank-feathers being also of this color; other under parts pure white, under surface of wing dark. Primaries black, the greater part of their shafts and inner webs whitish. Bill black, the base of lower mandible pale; feet whitish-blue, black below." Elliot Coues, 1884

Craveri's Murrelet

"Brachyrhamphus craverii. Craveri's Murrelet. Entire upper parts unvararied cinereous, slightly darker…

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male Dynamamaebae (figs. 106, 107), are the exact counterparts of ovarian ova, in so far as they are single-celled animals of a very low grade of organization; but their activity and intelligence is marvelousm and still more so is the mysterious attribute with which they are endowed of assimilating their protoplasmic substance with that of the ovum; with the result that thus fecundated ovum is capable of procreating itself by fission for a period until a mass of similar creates in engendered; from which mass is then speedily evolved the complex body the bird." Elliot Coues, 1884

Rooster Seman

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male…

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male Dynamamaebae (figs. 106, 107), are the exact counterparts of ovarian ova, in so far as they are single-celled animals of a very low grade of organization; but their activity and intelligence is marvelousm and still more so is the mysterious attribute with which they are endowed of assimilating their protoplasmic substance with that of the ovum; with the result that thus fecundated ovum is capable of procreating itself by fission for a period until a mass of similar creates in engendered; from which mass is then speedily evolved the complex body the bird." Elliot Coues, 1884

Sparrow Seman

"Spermatozoa of domestic cock, greatly magnified." The spermatozoam or seminal animalcules, or male…

"But perhaps the most effective and suitable employment of iron is shown in connection with glass, as has been exemplified in the temporary buildings for exhibitions, for which the Great Exhibition in London, in the year 1851, furnished the model which has so often been followed subsequently. This building was afterwards removed to Sydenham, and is now known as the Crystal Palace. In this structure the walls as well as the vaulted roof consist of glass inserted between iron girders, after the pattern of large conservatories and winter-gardens, especially of that in the Champs Élydées at Paris, which is no longer in existence. Although this building scarcely seems like an architectural construction, but appears to form a peculiar specialty, still an impression is produced, which is hitherto unparalleled by its transparent termination in all directions, and by its dimensions, which have never been before attained in enclosed spaces. The distinguishing height of the main body of the building, which is divided into several naves and galleries , and if the loftier transept, which is 174 English feet high, is too considerable to recall the conservatory, which first suggested the idea to Paxton of constructing such a building on a large scale for the Great Exhibition. The visible stability of the system of construction gives a certain feeling of security as a counterpoise to the astonishment which the enormous size creates. On the other hand it is not to be denied that artistic execution in the forms of the constructive parts is wanting, though many difficulties would perhaps have had to be overcome to attain this without the structure suffering as regards solidity. These constructive elements, moreover, are not used as leading to further æsthetic development, so that a real artistic value can only be attributed to the novel impression of the whole, which is produced by the large dimensions and transparent walls."

Crystal Palace at Sydenham

"But perhaps the most effective and suitable employment of iron is shown in connection with glass, as…

This banjo has a rim with straining wires stretched across the head, held together by three adjustable screw pins. The end of the instrument has tuning pegs which are located at the end of the neck shaped after an oblique shape. The banjo shown is an instrument of the guitar family that has a long neck and circular body.

Rendered View of a Banjo

This banjo has a rim with straining wires stretched across the head, held together by three adjustable…

This wrist machine features a handle spring fitted to test the wrist tension of any personnel. Machine indicates spring resistance, after a coin is inserted. This spring device has a body constructed to represent the figure of a man.

Coin Operated Spring Testing Wrist Machine

This wrist machine features a handle spring fitted to test the wrist tension of any personnel. Machine…

The body of this vehicle depicts an axle and shaft having a pivotal connection with said shafts on each side.

Side View of a Road Cart

The body of this vehicle depicts an axle and shaft having a pivotal connection with said shafts on each…

In combination with the bottle, this removable hand protector is placed upon the neck while pulling back on the cork. The protector has a tubular collar which loosely encircles the neck of the bottle and is adapted to be grasped by the hand, and having a diameter less than the diameter of the body of the bottle so as to hold the bottle back when the cork is pulled upon.

Removable Hand Protector for Bottles

In combination with the bottle, this removable hand protector is placed upon the neck while pulling…

The representation of an outstretched human arm the hand of which holds a bunch of herbs. Herbs are plants that are valued for flavor, scent, and other qualities, they are used in cooking, medicines, and spiritual purposes.

Human Arm Reaching for Herb Medicine

The representation of an outstretched human arm the hand of which holds a bunch of herbs. Herbs are…

This is a human powered vehicle with four wheels. The most common type of a velocipede today is the bicycle. Railroads in North America often made use of this four wheeled handcar designed to be operated by a single person.

Four Wheeled Railroad Velocipede

This is a human powered vehicle with four wheels. The most common type of a velocipede today is the…

A bathtub is a plumbing fixture used for bathing. This free-standing tub was patented in 1895.

Metal Body Bath Tub

A bathtub is a plumbing fixture used for bathing. This free-standing tub was patented in 1895.

A waist shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body. At first it was an undergarment worn exclusively by men. This shirt features a waist having a belt secured to and button holed tabs free from the best at the lower ends.

Waist Shirt

A waist shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body. At first it was an undergarment worn exclusively…

Water tanks are liquid storage containers, these tanks are usually storing water for human consumption. A water tank produces for the storage of drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as many other solutions.

Water Tank

Water tanks are liquid storage containers, these tanks are usually storing water for human consumption.…

A hairbrush is a stick brush with rigid bristles used in hair care for brushing ,styling, and detangling human hair, or for brushing as domestic animals fur.

Hairbrush Backface

A hairbrush is a stick brush with rigid bristles used in hair care for brushing ,styling, and detangling…

This is a buggy, also called a horse and carriage which refers to a light, simple, two person carriage of the 19th and early 20th centuries, drawn usually by one or sometimes two horses.

Buggy Body

This is a buggy, also called a horse and carriage which refers to a light, simple, two person carriage…

A tire is a ring shaped covering that fits around a wheel to protect it and enable better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground. The fundamental materials of modern tires are rubber and fabric along with other compound chemicals. The tread provides traction while the body ensures support.

Elastic Tire

A tire is a ring shaped covering that fits around a wheel to protect it and enable better vehicle performance…

A musical instrument is an object constructed or used for the purpose of making the sounds of music. In principle, anything that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument. The history of musical instruments dates back to the beginnings of human culture. The academic study of musical instruments is called organology.

Musical Instrument

A musical instrument is an object constructed or used for the purpose of making the sounds of music.…

Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well. Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, and liquids from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface. Instead flexible mud flaps are used close to the ground where contact may be possible.

Car Fender

Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames…

A weighing scale is a measuring instrument for determining the weight or mass of an object. A spring scale measures weight by the distance a spring deflects under its load. A balance compares the unknown weight to a standard weight using a horizontal lever.

Weighing Scale

A weighing scale is a measuring instrument for determining the weight or mass of an object. A spring…

A crane is a lifting machine, generally equipped with a winder, wire ropes or chains and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment.

Crane for Lifting Cars

A crane is a lifting machine, generally equipped with a winder, wire ropes or chains and sheaves, that…

A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials, nailed or glued to the hooves of horses and some other draught animals. Like a shoe on a human, it is used to protect the animal's feet from wear and tear. Professional horseshoers, also called farriers or blacksmiths (more commonly used in the UK), attach horseshoes on the pal mar surface of the hoof, usually by nailing through the insensitive hoof wall, which is anatomically similar to the human toenail, though much larger and thicker.

Horseshoe

A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials, nailed or glued to the…

Edison invented and developed the carbon microphone used in all telephones along with the Bell receiver until the 1980s. After protracted patent litigation, in 1892 a federal court ruled that Edison and not Emile Berliner—was the inventor of the carbon microphone. The carbon microphone was also used in radio broadcasting and public address work through the 1920s.

Telephone Transmitter Carbon Microphone

Edison invented and developed the carbon microphone used in all telephones along with the Bell receiver…

In the electrical distribution utility industry a cutout is a combination fuse and switch used in primary overhead feeder lines and taps to protect step down transformers from current surges and overloads.

Electric Cut Out

In the electrical distribution utility industry a cutout is a combination fuse and switch used in primary…

A child cradle, stroller or baby carrier consists of devices for transporting and carrying infants. A "child carrier" or "baby carrier" is a device used to carry an infant or small child on the body of an adult. Such on-the-body carriers are designed in various forms such as baby slings, backpack carriers, and soft front or hip carriers, with varying materials and degrees of rigidity, decoration, support and confinement of the child.

Multiple Purpose Child Cradle

A child cradle, stroller or baby carrier consists of devices for transporting and carrying infants.…

The incandescent light bulb, is a source of electric light that works by incandescence which is a general term for heat driven light emissions, which includes the simple cases of black body radiation.

Process of Producing Incandescing Bodies for Electric Lamps

The incandescent light bulb, is a source of electric light that works by incandescence which is a general…

A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials, nailed or glued to the hooves of horses and some other draught animals. Like a shoe on a human, it is used to protect the animal's feet from wear and tear. Professional horseshoers, also called farriers or blacksmiths, attach horseshoes on the palmar surface of the hoof, usually by nailing through the insensitive hoof wall, which is anatomically similar to the human toenail, though much larger and thicker

Horseshoe Calk

A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials, nailed or glued to the…

Infant incubators are used to provide a warm environment for babies born prematurely or for other infants who are unable to maintain a normal body temperature. The infant incubator is a relatively small, glass-walled box that may have portholes fitted with long rubber gloves through which nurses can handle and care for the infant.

General Use Incubator

Infant incubators are used to provide a warm environment for babies born prematurely or for other infants…

A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location. Flushing mechanisms are found more often on western toilets (used in the sitting position), but many squat toilets also are made for automated flushing.

Water Closet Flushing Tank

A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it through a drainpipe…

A violin is constructed with its sounding box formed with a concave bottom surface to fit against the shoulder of the violinist and with a hook on its top surface that can be attached to a band around the violinist's body. In addition, the violin is formed in a pear shape with a longer neck section than in the classical violin. Thereby, the violinist can play the instrument without supporting it under the chin, and achieve full range of fingering without interference from the front edge of the sounding box.

Violin Body

A violin is constructed with its sounding box formed with a concave bottom surface to fit against the…

This lamp body is used for a lighting fixture; an electrical device used to create artificial light. A luminaries is a lighting fixture complete with the light source or lamp.

Lamp Body

This lamp body is used for a lighting fixture; an electrical device used to create artificial light.…

Velocipedes are an umbrella term for any human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels. The most common type of velocipede today is the bicycle. The term velocipede is today, however, mainly used as a collective term for the different forerunners of the monowheel, the bicycle, the dicycle, the tricycle and the quadcycle that were developed between 1817 and 1880.

Ice Velocipede

Velocipedes are an umbrella term for any human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels. The most…

A road vehicle like this one is a mechanical means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Vehicles may be propelled or pulled by engines or animals including humans, for instance, a chariot, a stagecoach, a mule-drawn barge, an ox-cart or rickshaw. However, animals on their own, though used as a means of transport, are not called vehicles, but rather beasts of burden or draft animals. This distinction includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person.

Road Vehicle

A road vehicle like this one is a mechanical means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Vehicles…

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries. Pottery is one of the oldest human technologies and art-forms, and remains a major industry today. Ceramic art covers the art of pottery, whether in items made for use or purely for decoration.

Plant Holder

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware,…

This pneumatic bicycle saddle was air actuated for height adjustment purposes. A bicycle saddle, often called a seat, is one of three mo points on an upright bicycle, the others being the pedals and the handlebars. Transportation Human-powered

Pneumatic Bicycle Saddle

This pneumatic bicycle saddle was air actuated for height adjustment purposes. A bicycle saddle, often…

This is the fastening for a shoe, A shoe is an item of footwear evolved at first to protect the human foot and later, additionally, as an item of decoration in itself.

Shoe Fastener Device

This is the fastening for a shoe, A shoe is an item of footwear evolved at first to protect the human…

A hairbrush is a stick brush with rigid bristles used in hair care for brushing, styling, and detangling human hair, or for brushing a domestic animal's fur.

Stripped Brush Back

A hairbrush is a stick brush with rigid bristles used in hair care for brushing, styling, and detangling…

A doll is an object that represents a baby or other human being. Dolls have been around since the dawn of human civilization, and have been fashioned from a vast array of materials, ranging from stone, clay, wood, bone, cloth and paper, to porcelain, china, rubber and plastic.

Female Doll Figure

A doll is an object that represents a baby or other human being. Dolls have been around since the dawn…

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation, thus the shore line of a body of water represents a contour. If the water should rise one foot the new shore line would be another contour, with foot 'contour interval.'" —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation,…

A clevis assembly including a clevis body, a clevis loop pivotally mounted on the clevis body, a collar, a fastener, and a set screw assembly.

Clevis

A clevis assembly including a clevis body, a clevis loop pivotally mounted on the clevis body, a collar,…

An airplane flying above the show illustrating the aerodynamics of the plane with the tail wing at the same angle as the main body. This reduces the lift of the plane by decreasing the angle of incidence.

Airplane Flying Above Shore

An airplane flying above the show illustrating the aerodynamics of the plane with the tail wing at the…

Baby transport, child carrier, stroller, or pram consists of devices used for transporting and carrying infants. A child carrier is a device used to carry an infant or small child on the body of an adult. Such on-the-body carriers are designed in various forms such as baby slings, backpack carriers, and soft front or hip carriers, with varying materials and degrees of rigidity, decoration, support and confinement of the child.

Folding Baby Carriage

Baby transport, child carrier, stroller, or pram consists of devices used for transporting and carrying…

Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well. Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spray from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire.

Car Fender

Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames…

A bicycle, also known as a bike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist.

Multi Purpose Bicycle

A bicycle, also known as a bike, push bike or cycle, is a pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track…

An airplane wing free body diagram illustrating forces acting on the wing.

Airplane Wing Free Body Diagram

An airplane wing free body diagram illustrating forces acting on the wing.

Tobacco knifes vary greatly from the tobacco leave gathering process, where larger type machetes are used in extraction and cultivation to tobacco cigar portioning which a sharp cutting edge is used to slice a cigar tip, or body.

Tobacco Cutting Knife

Tobacco knifes vary greatly from the tobacco leave gathering process, where larger type machetes are…

An illustration of men at arms wearing iron body armor. The illustration shows armors varied by wealth of the soldiers.

Men at Arms Wearing Armor

An illustration of men at arms wearing iron body armor. The illustration shows armors varied by wealth…

"For brass or other soft metals there may be used with advantage a twist drill as shown. The cutting edges of the drill are ground straight and in line with the body of the drill for a distance of 0.03 to 0.06 in. = 0.8 to 1.6 mm. This prevents the breaking of the drill when it goes through the work—piece." —Grimshaw, 1902

Twist Drills for Brass

"For brass or other soft metals there may be used with advantage a twist drill as shown. The cutting…

A development, or rolled out image, of two cylinders intersecting each other. The large rectangular diagram is the main cylindrical body with a circle inside it for the other cylinder. The smaller development is the intersected cylinder. This is commonly used to illustrate pipes.

Development of Two Intersecting Cylinder

A development, or rolled out image, of two cylinders intersecting each other. The large rectangular…

A figurine is a statuette that represents a human, deity, or animal. Figurines may be realistic or iconic, depending on the skill and intention of the creator. The earliest were made of stone or clay. Modern versions are made of ceramic, metal, glass, wood and plastic.

Suspended Figurine

A figurine is a statuette that represents a human, deity, or animal. Figurines may be realistic or iconic,…

This is a tool used to measure circular bodies, very similar to how current calipers work. This tool features a perpendicular ruler to the circular opening.

Circular Body Measure Tool

This is a tool used to measure circular bodies, very similar to how current calipers work. This tool…

This bicycle support is a human aid device used to teach an individual how to maintain both confidence and balance when learning how to ride a bike.

Bicycle Support

This bicycle support is a human aid device used to teach an individual how to maintain both confidence…

This is the chassis of a vehicle without any wheels, just the metal framework which is usually tested at factories for standards before being shipped to the following production line.

Vehicle Body Without Wheels

This is the chassis of a vehicle without any wheels, just the metal framework which is usually tested…

This is the body attachment for a drilling machine which is composed of the adjustable socket which houses the drill bit component that actually makes contact with the material.

Drill and Socket Construction

This is the body attachment for a drilling machine which is composed of the adjustable socket which…

A clothes hanger is a device in the shape of human shoulders designed to facilitate the hanging of a coat or other similar type of garment in a manner that prevents wrinkles.

Clothes Hanger

A clothes hanger is a device in the shape of human shoulders designed to facilitate the hanging of a…

This early model shoe, is a footwear clothing item evolved at first to protect the human foot and later, additionally as an item of decoration.

Early Model Shoe

This early model shoe, is a footwear clothing item evolved at first to protect the human foot and later,…

This medicinal needle is an enlarged view of early type acupuncture; the procedure in which an insertion of needles into various points on the body to relieve pain.

Medicinal Needle

This medicinal needle is an enlarged view of early type acupuncture; the procedure in which an insertion…