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A building in Rome commissioned as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome.

The Panthéon

A building in Rome commissioned as a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome.

A wheel from an Ancient Egyptian chariot.

Chariot Wheel

A wheel from an Ancient Egyptian chariot.

A plough used for cultivating the soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting.

A Roman Plough

A plough used for cultivating the soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting.

Tools used by men of primitive days.

Primitive Tools

Tools used by men of primitive days.

"Early Egyptian Pictures. Ploughing, breaking clods, and sowing."—Gordy, 1912

Early Egyptian Pictures

"Early Egyptian Pictures. Ploughing, breaking clods, and sowing."—Gordy, 1912

An ancient Greek ship.

Greek Ship

An ancient Greek ship.

The Greek goddess of love and beauty.

Venus of Melos

The Greek goddess of love and beauty.

A projectile weapon used to throw a blunt projectile.

A Roman Slinger

A projectile weapon used to throw a blunt projectile.

Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps.

Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps

Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps.

A soldier of the Roman Empire.

Light-Armed Soldier

A soldier of the Roman Empire.

Plots of land reserved for use as a military defensive position.

Roman Camp

Plots of land reserved for use as a military defensive position.

Staffs carried by Roman legions to show who they were and what rank in the army they held.

Roman Standards

Staffs carried by Roman legions to show who they were and what rank in the army they held.

A example of a Roman books, which were made out of rolls of papyrus.

Roman Book Papyrus Roll

A example of a Roman books, which were made out of rolls of papyrus.

The goddess of marriage, women, and good counsel.

Juno

The goddess of marriage, women, and good counsel.

The Saxon ships from ancient Germany.

Saxon Ships

The Saxon ships from ancient Germany.

"Remains of the Viking ships of Gokstad, after its removal from the mound where it was found."—Gordy, 1912

Remains of the Viking Ship Gokstad

"Remains of the Viking ships of Gokstad, after its removal from the mound where it was found."—Gordy,…

"Fighting as pictured in the Bayeux tapestry, a contemporary work."—Gordy, 1912

Pictured Fighting

"Fighting as pictured in the Bayeux tapestry, a contemporary work."—Gordy, 1912

Ships of the 15th century.

Ancient Ships

Ships of the 15th century.

An ancient monument built in 520 CE by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb.

Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna

An ancient monument built in 520 CE by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb.

"This church occupies the site of a chapel built in the Roman period and standing at the time of the landing of the monk Augustine, in the year 597. Its walls show some of the Roman bricks of the original church."—Myers, 1905

St. Martin's Church, Canterbury

"This church occupies the site of a chapel built in the Roman period and standing at the time of the…

"The monks also became copyists, and with great painstaking and industry gathered and multiplied ancient manuscripts, and thus preserved and transmitted to the modern world much classical learning and literature that would otherwise have been lost."—Myers, 1905

Monk Copyist

"The monks also became copyists, and with great painstaking and industry gathered and multiplied ancient…

An ancient windmill dating back to the medieval era.

Medieval Windmill

An ancient windmill dating back to the medieval era.

The ruins of the ancient mosque in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

Ruins of the Mosque at Samarkand

The ruins of the ancient mosque in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

"Showing the influence of ancient classical art upon the art of the Renaissance."—Myers, 1905

Tomb at Tours of the Children of Charles VIII

"Showing the influence of ancient classical art upon the art of the Renaissance."—Myers, 1905

Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 until his abdication in 1556.

Emperor Charles V

Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 until his abdication in 1556.

An example of a typical cave dwelling from the Stone Age.

Cave Dwelling

An example of a typical cave dwelling from the Stone Age.

"The skeleton lay on the left side with knees drawn up and hands raised to the head. About it were various articles of food and vessels of pottery."—Webster, 1913

A Prehistoric Egyptian Tomb

"The skeleton lay on the left side with knees drawn up and hands raised to the head. About it were various…

"Different forms from Europe, Africa, and North America."—Webster, 1913

Arrowheads of the Stone Age

"Different forms from Europe, Africa, and North America."—Webster, 1913

"A bar of copper marked with the figure of a bull. Dates from the fourth century B.C."—Webster, 1913

Early Roman Bar Money

"A bar of copper marked with the figure of a bull. Dates from the fourth century B.C."—Webster,…

"A large tablet with linear script found in the palace at Gnossus, Crete. There are eight lines of writing with a total of about twenty words. Notice the upright lines which appear to mark the termination of each group of signs."—Webster, 1913

Cretan Writing

"A large tablet with linear script found in the palace at Gnossus, Crete. There are eight lines of writing…

"Below the pictured hieroglyphics in the first line is the same text in a simpler writing known as hieratic. The two systems, however, were not distinct; they were as identical as our own printed and written characters. The third line illustrates old Babylonian cuneiform, in which the characters, like the hieroglyphics, are rude and broken down pictures of objects. Derived from them is the later cuneiform shown in lines four and five."—Webster, 1913

Beginning of Written Language

"Below the pictured hieroglyphics in the first line is the same text in a simpler writing known as hieratic.…

"Found in 1868 at Dîbân, east of the Dead Sea. The monument records the victory of Mesha, king of Moab, over the united armies of Israel and Judah, about 850 B.C. The inscription, consisting of 34 lines, is one of the most ancient examples of Phoenician writing."—Webster, 1913

The Moabite Stone

"Found in 1868 at Dîbân, east of the Dead Sea. The monument records the victory of Mesha,…

A device used for counting.

Roman Abacus

A device used for counting.

A portal tomb or grave.

A Dolmen

A portal tomb or grave.

An ancient monument located in England, composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones.

Stonehenge

An ancient monument located in England, composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large…

The ancient King of Akkad, reigning from 2270 BC to 2215 BC.

Seal of Sargon I

The ancient King of Akkad, reigning from 2270 BC to 2215 BC.

A Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. He reigned from 2589 to 2566 BC, and is known for being the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Khufu

A Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. He reigned from 2589 to 2566 BC, and is known for being the builder of the…

The fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, reigning from 1213 to 1203 BC.

Merneptah

The fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, reigning from 1213 to 1203 BC.

"The pyramid when completed had a height of 481 feet. It is now 451 feet high. Its base covers 13 acres. Some of the blocks of white limestone used in construction weigh 50 tons. The facing of polished stone was gradually removed for building purposes by the Arabs. On the northern side of the pyramid a narrow entrance, once carefully concealed, opens into tortuous passages which lead to the central vault. Here the sarcophagus of the king was placed. This chamber was long since entered and its contents rifled."—Webster, 1913

The Great Pyramid of Giza

"The pyramid when completed had a height of 481 feet. It is now 451 feet high. Its base covers 13 acres.…

"This colossal figure, human-headed and lion-bodied, is hewn from the natural rock. The body is about 150 feet long, the paws 50 feet, the head 30 feet. The height from the base of the top of the head is 70 feet. Except for its head and shoulders, the figure has been buried for centuries in the desert sand. The eyes, nose, and beard have been mutilated by the Arabs. The face is probably that of one of the pyramid kings."—Webster, 1913

The Great Sphinx

"This colossal figure, human-headed and lion-bodied, is hewn from the natural rock. The body is about…

A series of correspondence on clay tablets between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru.

The Amarna Tablet

A series of correspondence on clay tablets between the Egyptian administration and its representatives…

"A black granite statue of the youthful Ramses II. It is probably a faithful portrait. No better work was ever produced by the Egyptian sculpture."—Webster, 1913

Ramses II Seated

"A black granite statue of the youthful Ramses II. It is probably a faithful portrait. No better work…

"The hall measures 170 feet deep by 329 feet broad. Its roof was supported by a central avenue of 12 massive columns, each 67 feet in height and 33 feet in circumference. Additional support was afforded by several rows of shorter columns (122 in all) disposed on each side of those in the middle avenues."—Webster, 1913

Central Avenue, Hall of Columns, Karnak

"The hall measures 170 feet deep by 329 feet broad. Its roof was supported by a central avenue of 12…

A native to the ancient kingdom of Assyria.

An Assyrian

A native to the ancient kingdom of Assyria.

The remains of the ancient city of Babylon.

Mound of Babylon

The remains of the ancient city of Babylon.

A fragment of an Ancient Egyptian text, which provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphics.

The Rosetta Stone, Front View

A fragment of an Ancient Egyptian text, which provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian…

An image depicting the coffin used for mummies in ancient Egypt.

Mummy and Cover of Coffin

An image depicting the coffin used for mummies in ancient Egypt.

"Nippur was the ancient 'Calneh in the land of Shinar.' Excavations here were conducted by the University of Philadelphia during 1889-1900. The city contained an imposing temple, a library, and even a little museum of antiquities."—Webster, 1913

Excavations at Nippur

"Nippur was the ancient 'Calneh in the land of Shinar.' Excavations here were conducted by the University…

An ancient amulet of Egypt.

An Egyptian Scarab

An ancient amulet of Egypt.

"Contains the narrative of the flood as pieced together and published by George Smith in 1872. There are sixteen fragments in the restoration."—Webster, 1913

The Deluge Tablet

"Contains the narrative of the flood as pieced together and published by George Smith in 1872. There…

"A papyrus of the first century A.D., containing the Ten Commandments. It was discovered in Egypt."—Webster, 1913

Ancient Hebrew Manuscript

"A papyrus of the first century A.D., containing the Ten Commandments. It was discovered in Egypt."—Webster,…

An Ancient Egyptian temple complex founded in 1400 B.C.E.

Luxor Temple

An Ancient Egyptian temple complex founded in 1400 B.C.E.

"The temple, built by Ramses II on the steep face of a cliff overlooking the Nile, has a facade containing four enthroned colossi of the Pharaoh. These gigantic statues, each about 65 feet high, are cut out of the solid rock. The interior chambers of the temple reach a depth of nearly 200 feet."—Webster, 1913

Rock Temple at Abu-Simbel

"The temple, built by Ramses II on the steep face of a cliff overlooking the Nile, has a facade containing…

An ancient palace located in Assyria.

Assyrian Palace

An ancient palace located in Assyria.

"The king, a rude heroic figure, stands upright before the god. He holds a club in the left hand, in the right a sickle or crook, emblematic of the shepherd of his people. The right arm is bare; the left is covered by a richly fringed mantle, thrown twice round the body."—Webster, 1913

An Assyrian Statue

"The king, a rude heroic figure, stands upright before the god. He holds a club in the left hand, in…

"A tablet of dark brown clay, much injured, dating from the 8th or 7th century B.C. The two large concentric circles indicate the ocean, or, as it is called in the cuneiform writing between the circles, the 'Briny Flood.' Beyond the ocean are seven successive projections of land, represented by triangles. Perhaps they refer to the countries existing beyond the Black Sea and the Red Sea. The two parallel lines within the inner circle represent the Euphrates. The little rings stand for the Babylonian cities in this region."—Webster, 1913

A Babylonian Map of the World

"A tablet of dark brown clay, much injured, dating from the 8th or 7th century B.C. The two large concentric…

A statue of a man who recorded books and/or documents during the era of Ancient Egypt.

An Egyptian Scribe

A statue of a man who recorded books and/or documents during the era of Ancient Egypt.

An ancient Greek town. In Greek mythology, the most important oracle resided at Delphi.

Delphi

An ancient Greek town. In Greek mythology, the most important oracle resided at Delphi.

A portrait of the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.

Bay of Naples and Vesuvius

A portrait of the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.

"The great northeast tower of the sixth city. The stairs to the right date from the eighth city."—Webster, 1913

Excavations at Troy

"The great northeast tower of the sixth city. The stairs to the right date from the eighth city."—Webster,…