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The serpent is "a musical instrument, properly of the trumpet family, having a cupped mouthpiece, a conical wooden tube bent to and fro several times and usually covered with leather, and nine fingerholes very irregularly disposed." -Whitney, 1911

Serpent

The serpent is "a musical instrument, properly of the trumpet family, having a cupped mouthpiece, a…

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

American Linden Leaf

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

"1. A serricorn beetle (an elater). 2, 3. Englarged antennae of other serricorns (species of Phyllocerus and Pachyderes)." -Whitney, 1911

Serricorn Beetle

"1. A serricorn beetle (an elater). 2, 3. Englarged antennae of other serricorns (species of Phyllocerus…

"A semicylindrical piece of wood, fitted with a handle...used for convenience in serving ropes...to prevent chafing. a, serving-mallet; b, 'wormed' rope 'parceled' with canvas; c, serving-yarn." -Whitney, 1911

Serving Mallet

"A semicylindrical piece of wood, fitted with a handle...used for convenience in serving ropes...to…

"Settee. A vessel with one deck and a very long sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen sails, used on the Mediterranean." -Whitney, 1911

Settee

"Settee. A vessel with one deck and a very long sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen…

"Sewing-horse. In saddlery, a sewing-clamp with its supports. a, seat; b, legs; c, c', clamping-jaws, c' hinged to c at d; e, strap fastened to c' passing through c, and attached by chain f to the foot-lever g, the latter pivoted at h; i, spring which opens the jaws when not pulled together by e; k, ratch which g engages to hold he jaws together." -Whitney, 1911

Sewing Horse

"Sewing-horse. In saddlery, a sewing-clamp with its supports. a, seat; b, legs; c, c', clamping-jaws,…

"Singer sewing-machine. a is the frame and cloth-plate or bed-plate; b, arm; c, treadle; e, pitman; d, main driving-wheel; f, band; g, small driving-wheel attached to shaft ... j, take-up lever with roller and stud; k, presser-bar carrying presser-foot; l, needle-bar; m, spool-pin; ... t, drawers." -Whitney, 1911

Singer Sewing Machine

"Singer sewing-machine. a is the frame and cloth-plate or bed-plate; b, arm; c, treadle; e, pitman;…

"Singer sewing-machine. a is the frame and cloth-plate or bed-plate; b, arm; ... g, small driving-wheel attached to shaft h; i, take-up cam with set-screw; j, take-up lever with roller and stud; ... m, spool-pin; n, shuttle-pitman taking motion from crank o; p, shuttle bell-crank; q, shuttle-carrier and shuttle; r, thread-guide; s, tension-disk ..." -Whitney, 1911

Singer Sewing Machine

"Singer sewing-machine. a is the frame and cloth-plate or bed-plate; b, arm; ... g, small driving-wheel…

Used in bookbinding. "Sewing-press. a, table with slot b, through which the cords c pass; d, staples by which the lower ends of the cords are held from passing through the slot when stretched; e, adjustable bar around which the upper ends of the cords are looped; f, screw-threaded rods upon which the nuts g are turned, to adjust the bar e; h, h', book-sections to be stitched to the cords; i, grooves cut in the backs of the sections for reception of the cords; j, needle and thread, illustrating method of stitching." -Whitney, 1911

Sewing Press

Used in bookbinding. "Sewing-press. a, table with slot b, through which the cords c pass; d, staples…

The "clearstory window of St. Leu d'Esserent, France" showing a sexfoil window, of six petals. -Whitney, 1911

Clerestory

The "clearstory window of St. Leu d'Esserent, France" showing a sexfoil window, of six petals. -Whitney,…

"Sextant. An important instrument of navigation and surveying, for measuring the angular distance of two stars or other objects, or the altitude of a star above the horizon..." a, handle; b, c, mirrors; d, ring; e, telescope; f, arm; g, reading-lens; h, arc; i, screw; j, tangent screw. -Whitney, 1911

Sextant

"Sextant. An important instrument of navigation and surveying, for measuring the angular distance of…

"In heraldry, a bearing resembling the pall (Y-shaped), but not reaching the edges of the escutcheon: the three extremities are usually pointed bluntly." -Whitney, 1911

Shake-Fork

"In heraldry, a bearing resembling the pall (Y-shaped), but not reaching the edges of the escutcheon:…

"Drupe. b, stony wall of the putamen, inclosing the seed." -Whitney, 1911

Cherry Section

"Drupe. b, stony wall of the putamen, inclosing the seed." -Whitney, 1911

The Chay Root (Oldenlandia umbellata) is a plant native to India used for the red dye that can be extracted from its root. "Shaya-root ... a, flower; b, pistil and calyx." -Whitney, 1911

Chay Root

The Chay Root (Oldenlandia umbellata) is a plant native to India used for the red dye that can be extracted…

"Multiple-bladed Sheep-shears. a, a, handles joined by coiled spring c; b, b', plates joined to the handles and sliding upon each other, the motion being limited by the screw f working in slot g d, d, blades." -Whitney, 1911

Multiple-Bladed Sheep Shears

"Multiple-bladed Sheep-shears. a, a, handles joined by coiled spring c; b, b', plates joined to the…

The sheepshank is "a kind of knot, hitch, or bend made on a rope to shorten it temporarily." -Whitney, 1911

Sheepshank

The sheepshank is "a kind of knot, hitch, or bend made on a rope to shorten it temporarily." -Whitney,…

"Plant with Flowers and Fruits of Shepherd's-purse" (Capsella bursa-pastoris) "a, flower; b, a pod." -Whitney, 1911

Shepherd's Purse

"Plant with Flowers and Fruits of Shepherd's-purse" (Capsella bursa-pastoris) "a, flower; b, a pod."…

"Frontal Shield of (1) European Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), (2) American Gallinule (Gallinula galeata)." -Whitney, 1911

Moorhen Frontal Shields

"Frontal Shield of (1) European Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), (2) American Gallinule (Gallinula galeata)."…

"Quarterly, first and fourth argent, a chevron gules, second and third gules, a cross argent (that is, the field red and the cross silver or white)." -Whitney, 1911

Quarterly Shield

"Quarterly, first and fourth argent, a chevron gules, second and third gules, a cross argent (that is,…

"c, a shingle; d, plain shingles laid on a roof." -Whitney, 1911

Shingles

"c, a shingle; d, plain shingles laid on a roof." -Whitney, 1911

"Horseshoes. A, shoe for fore foot; ... a, toe-calks; b, heel-calks." -Whitney, 1911

Horseshoe

"Horseshoes. A, shoe for fore foot; ... a, toe-calks; b, heel-calks." -Whitney, 1911

"Horseshoes. ... B, shoe for hind foot; a, toe-calks; b, heel-calks." -Whitney, 1911

Horseshoe

"Horseshoes. ... B, shoe for hind foot; a, toe-calks; b, heel-calks." -Whitney, 1911

"A hammer with a broad and slightly convex face for pounding leather on the lapstone to condense the pores, and for driving sprigs, pegs, etc., and with a wide, thin, rounded peen used to press out the creases incident to the crimping of the leather." -Whitney, 1911

Shoe Hammer

"A hammer with a broad and slightly convex face for pounding leather on the lapstone to condense the…

"In printing, a piece of hard wood or metal, about ten inches long, which is struck by a mallet to tighten or loosen the quoins in a chase." -Whitney, 1911

Shooting Stick

"In printing, a piece of hard wood or metal, about ten inches long, which is struck by a mallet to tighten…

"Frame of a vessel supported by shores." A shore is a "post or beam of timber or iron for the temporary support of something; a prop." -Whitney, 1911

Shores

"Frame of a vessel supported by shores." A shore is a "post or beam of timber or iron for the temporary…

"Flowering Plant of Shortia galacifolia. a, the corolla, laid open." -Whitney, 1911

Oconee Bells

"Flowering Plant of Shortia galacifolia. a, the corolla, laid open." -Whitney, 1911

"Shot-pouches. A, pouch for one size of shot: a, pouch; b, charger with gates c, c'; d, spring which holds the gate c closed until the lever e, which shuts the gate c' and opens c, is depressed, when the charge filling the nozzle between the two gates is released. The charge can be lessened by placing the gate c in the slot f." -Whitney, 1911

Hunting Shot Pouch

"Shot-pouches. A, pouch for one size of shot: a, pouch; b, charger with gates c, c'; d, spring which…

"Shot-pouches. ... B, pouch (shot-belt) for two sizes of shot: a, a', pouches; b, strap for attachment to the person of the sportsman; c, c', nozzles, each with a single spring gate. The charge is measured in the detachable charger d." -Whitney, 1911

Hunting Shot Pouch

"Shot-pouches. ... B, pouch (shot-belt) for two sizes of shot: a, a', pouches; b, strap for attachment…

"Shrine of St. Calmine, Duke of Aquitaine, in enameled and gilded copper; early 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

Shrine

"Shrine of St. Calmine, Duke of Aquitaine, in enameled and gilded copper; early 13th century." -Whitney,…

"A knot by which the two parts of a shroud which has been broken or shot away are reunited." -Whitney, 1911

Shroud Knots

"A knot by which the two parts of a shroud which has been broken or shot away are reunited." -Whitney,…

"A gastropod of the family Ovulidae and genus Radius, as R. volva, of long fusiform shape, the ends of the lips being greatly drawn out; so called from the resemblance to a weavers' shuttle." -Whitney, 1911

Shuttle Shell

"A gastropod of the family Ovulidae and genus Radius, as R. volva, of long fusiform shape, the ends…

Clapboard or bevel siding is the horizontal and overlapping style of laying board on the exterior of a house. "C, clapboard siding, g being rabbeted at the lower margins and g' simply overlapped." -Whitney, 1911

Clapboard Siding

Clapboard or bevel siding is the horizontal and overlapping style of laying board on the exterior of…

"A coin, generally of unusual shape and rude workmanship, issued in a town or castle during a siege, when the operations of the ordinary mints are suspended." -Whitney, 1911 <p>This illustration is of the obverse side of the piece.

Newark Siege Piece - Obverse

"A coin, generally of unusual shape and rude workmanship, issued in a town or castle during a siege,…

"Silicles. 1. Of Shepherd's-purse (Bursa Bursa-pastoris). 2. Same, opened, to show the placentae, the seeds, and the two valves. 3. Of Vernal Whitlow-grass, Draba verna. 4. Same, opened, to show the valves, the dissepiment, and the seeds." -Whitney, 1911

Silicles

"Silicles. 1. Of Shepherd's-purse (Bursa Bursa-pastoris). 2. Same, opened, to show the placentae, the…

"Siliques. 1. Of Cardamine bulbosa. 2. Of Raphanus Raphanistrum. 3. Of Heliophila crithmifolia." -Whitney, 1911

Siliques

"Siliques. 1. Of Cardamine bulbosa. 2. Of Raphanus Raphanistrum. 3. Of Heliophila crithmifolia." -Whitney,…

"Carrion-beetle (Silpha inaequalis). a, larva; d, same; f, g, h, mandible, labium, and maxilla of larva; i, j, anal process and antenna of same; m, one of the lateral processes. b, pupa; e, same; l, anal process of same. c, beetle; k, anterior tarsus of same." -Whitney, 1911

Carrion Beetle

"Carrion-beetle (Silpha inaequalis). a, larva; d, same; f, g, h, mandible, labium, and maxilla of larva;…

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

Simarouba

"Branch of Simarouba amara, with female flowers. a, a male flower; b, a female flower." -Whitney, 1911

"A throwing-stick, similar to the Australian boomerang, used by the Indians of the southwestern United States in hunting rabbits and other small game." -Whitney, 1911

Rabbit Stick

"A throwing-stick, similar to the Australian boomerang, used by the Indians of the southwestern United…

"A sloop-yacht with a jib, the jib-stay being fastened to a bowsprit." -Whitney, 1911

Raceabout

"A sloop-yacht with a jib, the jib-stay being fastened to a bowsprit." -Whitney, 1911

"In masonry, the act of leaving unfinished masonry, as prepared to receive future additions, in steps." -Whitney, 1911

Masonry, Racking

"In masonry, the act of leaving unfinished masonry, as prepared to receive future additions, in steps."…

"A track-layers' bar having two parallel blunt arms at the end the space between which is designed to fit the web of the rail. It is used in lifting the end of a rail." -Whitney, 1911

Rail Fork

"A track-layers' bar having two parallel blunt arms at the end the space between which is designed to…

"Industrial-railway Turn-table. a, circular base with channel for ball-bearing, showing ring of balls; b, under side of table; c, table in position, showing cross-tracks; d, latch for cover. A car is run by hand on the turn-table, the table turned one quarter of the way round, and the car run off on a track at right angles to the first track." -Whitney, 1911

Railway Turntable

"Industrial-railway Turn-table. a, circular base with channel for ball-bearing, showing ring of balls;…

"Track-layers' tongs for lifting rails. They have short jaws designed to clasp the rail head and two long handles bent at a right angle." -Whitney, 1911

Rail Tongs

"Track-layers' tongs for lifting rails. They have short jaws designed to clasp the rail head and two…

"Railway, with single traveler in detail. Nautical, iron jackstays bolted on the under side of standing gaffs which carry fore-and-aft sails, with or without booms. Small grooved iron shapes called "travelers" are sewed to the head of the sail, and slide along the gaff by means of a whip or outhaul." -Whitney, 1911

Railway

"Railway, with single traveler in detail. Nautical, iron jackstays bolted on the under side of standing…

"Nautical, a vessel's standing gaff which has an iron jackstay bolted to its under side." -Whitney, 1911

Railroad Gaff

"Nautical, a vessel's standing gaff which has an iron jackstay bolted to its under side." -Whitney,…

"Industrial Railway. a, cast-iron plates bedded in concrete for boiler-room floor; b, section of boiler; c, cast-iron track; d, charging-car with outside-flange wheels." -Whitney, 1911

Industrial Railway

"Industrial Railway. a, cast-iron plates bedded in concrete for boiler-room floor; b, section of boiler;…

"Side-delivery rake, a horse-rake in which the rake is suspended between the axle of the pair of wheels and a third or caster-wheel trailing at the end of the rake, and placed in a position diagonal to the direction in which the machine moves. By means of suitable mechanism, operated through gearing on the axle, the hay, as fast as it is gathered, is delivered at the side of the rake and deposited on the ground in the form of a windrow." -Whitney, 1911

Side Delivery Rake

"Side-delivery rake, a horse-rake in which the rake is suspended between the axle of the pair of wheels…

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate substances with toxic action. a and b illustrate the excessive production of receptors in response to the action of toxins, and their escape from the cells." -Whitney, 1911

Cytolysis, Stage 1

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate…

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate substances with toxic action. a and b illustrate the excessive production of receptors in response to the action of toxins, and their escape from the cells; in b they are seen to combine with toxin outside the cell, preventing its union with the cell." -Whitney, 1911

Cytolysis, Stage 2

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate…

&quot;Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate substances with toxic action. c shows the structure of the complement and intermediary body of bacteriolytic and cytolytic sera.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Cytolysis, Stage 3

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black…

&quot;Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black indicate substances with toxic action. d shows the amboceptor, while attached to the cell, uniting the complement to a large molecule.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Cytolysis, Stage 4

"Ehrlich's diagrams illustrating the mechanism of immunity and cytolysis. The figures in black…

Blowout Grass (Redfieldia flexuosa) is a grass found on sand dunes. &quot;a, spikelet; b, flower; c, glumes.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Blowout Grass

Blowout Grass (Redfieldia flexuosa) is a grass found on sand dunes. "a, spikelet; b, flower; c,…

&quot;Bamboo-reed (Arundo donax). a, panicle; b, flowering scale, clothed with silky hairs; c, spikelet.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Giant Reed

"Bamboo-reed (Arundo donax). a, panicle; b, flowering scale, clothed with silky hairs; c, spikelet."…

&quot;Spanish reef, a derisive term for a jib having a knot tied in its head, or for one of the square-sails whose yard has been lowered and left on the cap.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Spanish Reef Jib

"Spanish reef, a derisive term for a jib having a knot tied in its head, or for one of the square-sails…

&quot;Monkey reefed, said of a sail when the yard is on the cap and the reef-tackles are hauled out.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Monkey Reef Jib

"Monkey reefed, said of a sail when the yard is on the cap and the reef-tackles are hauled out."…

&quot;Architectural Refinement from Church of St. Quentin, France ... deviations from the geometrical accuracy of purely structural lines, which have been found widely distributed in architecture before the most modern era.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Refinement

"Architectural Refinement from Church of St. Quentin, France ... deviations from the geometrical…

&quot;Regency Style; motive from Hotel Soubise, Paris ... in the history of the fine arts in France, a name given to work which corresponds to the Regency (1715-23) of Philip of Orleans during the minority of Louis XV.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Regency Style

"Regency Style; motive from Hotel Soubise, Paris ... in the history of the fine arts in France,…

&quot;Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing the completed link with both halves in place; C, top view of one half-section; D, top view of the other half-section, showing the break of the joint. The interrupted side is open wide enough to pass the stock of the solid link adjacent to the repair-link on either side.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Repair Link of Chain

"Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing…

&quot;Resin-gnat (Diplosis resinicola). a, adult female; b, wing of same; c, cross-section of antenna of female; d, same of male; e, section of pine twig showing work of larvae; f, same showing extruded pupa-cases; a, e, f, enlarged; b, c, d, still more enlarged.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Resin Gnat

"Resin-gnat (Diplosis resinicola). a, adult female; b, wing of same; c, cross-section of antenna…

&quot;A vertical rod, generally of iron, with a heavy metallic foot, and a number of metallic rings, of different sizes ... the whole serves to support a retort or other vessel, properly adjusted as to height, over a lamp-flame.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Retort Stand

"A vertical rod, generally of iron, with a heavy metallic foot, and a number of metallic rings,…