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The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry standing on the sides of a boulder inscribed with the date West Virginia became a state, June 20, 1863. The state motto is below reading 'Montani Semper Liberi' meaning "Mountaineers Always Free."

Seal of West Virginia

The Seal of the State of West Virginia. This seal depicts two men representing agriculture and industry…

An illustration of a Club-shell fossil from the Tertiary period. The Tertiary is a an out-of-date term for a geologic period 65 million to 1.8 million years ago. The Tertiary covered the time span between the superseded Secondary period and an out-of-date definition of the Quaternary period. The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, at start of the Cenozoic era, spanning to beginning of the most recent Ice Age, at the end of the Pliocene epoch.

Shell Fossil

An illustration of a Club-shell fossil from the Tertiary period. The Tertiary is a an out-of-date term…

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois. Its origins date back to the medieval period and its present structure has evolved in stages since the sixteenth century.

Plan of Louvre and Tuileries, Paris

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between…

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman settlements date back to 5th century AC, near St. Peter's Barn. Establishing settlements in Simonswald occurred first in the New Stone Age, then was left deserted for 3 thousand years (some suggest cold climate as reason) and re-discovered in the 11th century. Official record first mention dates back to 5. August 1178 when Pope Alexander III confirmed "Sigmanswald" as property of Monastery St Margarethen, Waldkirch; until the 16th century Simonswald was called Sigmanswald.

Simonswald

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman…

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate. The large medieval center of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first settlements in Regensburg date to the Stone Age. The Celtic name Radasbona was the oldest name given to a settlement near the present city. Around AD 90 the Romans built a small "cohort-fort" in what would now be the suburbs.

Ratisbon

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the…

Color flag of Georgia. White rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century.

Flag of Georgia, 2009

Color flag of Georgia. White rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides…

Black and white outline flag of Georgia. White rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century

Flag of Georgia, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Georgia. White rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting…

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps water flowing around the cylinders to prevent them from getting too hot. This water comes back to the pump through the radiator at the front of the car. Wind blows through the radiator and cools off the water. The tire pump on up-to-date cars is run by the engine. It does not pump except when the gears, which are shown in the picture, are pulled together." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 10: Magneto

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps…

This is the Plan of Cathedral at Aix–la–Chapelle in Aachen, Germany. It is an example of Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Germany. It was built in AD 796. The scale is in feet. "With the exception of the church built at Trèves (There) by the empress Helena, of which small portions can still be traced in the cathedral, there are no remains of earlier date than the tomb–house built by Charlemagne at Aachen (Aix–la–Chapelle), which, though much restored in the 19th century, is still in good preservation. It consists [...] of an octagonal domed hall surrounded by aisles in two [stories], both vaulted; externally the structure is a polygon of sixteen sides, about 105 ft. in diameter, and it was preceded by a porch flanked by turrets."

Plan of Cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle, AD 796

This is the Plan of Cathedral at Aix–la–Chapelle in Aachen, Germany. It is an example of…

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Tournai, Belgium. It is an example of Netherlands Gothic architecture. The construction lasted from 1146 to 1325. "In the 13th century [Belgium and Holland] came under the influence of the great Gothic movement in France, and two or three of their cathedrals compare [favorably] with the French cathedrals. The finest example of earlier date is that of the cathedral of Tournai, the nave of which was built in the second half of the 11th century, to which a transept with north and south apses and aisles round them was added about the middle of the 12th century. These latter features are contemporaneous with similar examples at Cologne, and the idea of the plan may have been taken from them; externally, however, they differ so widely that the design may be looked upon as an original conception, though the nave arcades, triforium storey, and clerestory resemble the contemporaneous work in Normandy. The original choir was pulled down in the 14h century, and a magnificent chevet of the French type erected in its place. The grouping of the towers which flank the transept, with the central lantern, the apses, and lofty choir is extremely fine."

Plan of Cathedral at Tournai, 1146–1325

This is a plan of the Cathedral at Tournai, Belgium. It is an example of Netherlands Gothic architecture.…

Borgund stave church is a stave church located in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway. It is classified as a triple nave stave church of the so-called Sogn-type. It was probably built in the end of the 12th century, and has not changed structure or had a major reconstruction since that date. The church site shows evidence of a previous building, which can point to an earlier church or perhaps an old pagan temple that had been taken into use as a church. The interior of the church, except for the pulpit and the altarpiece, is mainly free from the post-Reformation decorations seen in most other stave churches. An authentic medieval square-shaped baptismal font made of soapstone is still a part of the interior. Borgund stave church is owned by Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). "The wood buildings of Norway lay claim to a certain monumental and historical importance, partly because they belong to the oldest class of buildings of this description, and partly owing to the purpose for which they were erected, namely, to serve as churches. The case is different as regards the merit of their artistic construction and beauty of shape, in both of which points the standard attained is not a high one, as shown by [this image]. The details principally show traces of the architectural styles prevalent at the time of their erection, viz., the Romanesque and Byzantine, while the main forms must be considered as the result of a severe climate. The perishable nature of the material employed was also naturally prejudicial to any advanced and regular development of architectural skills. From these causes the whole design assumed a pyramidal shape, whilst the climate necessitated mode of construction which is peculiar to the buildings in question. As a projection against its rigours the structures were surrounded by covered passages ornamented externally with those little arcades which are a distinguishing feature of the Romanesque style, whilst the roofs were necessarily very steep in shape on account of the heavy falls of snow, and were covered with wood shingles, tiles, or slates. The form of construction is rather rough, for the corners are generally formed of rude logs, whilst the walls between merely consist of upright boards jointed to one another. Churches of this description are know in Norway by the name of Fascine Churches. Although the construction is thus artless, yet an effort to enrich the whole by individual details and by employment of painted embellishments is frequently to be noticed. This especially effected by means of arabesque-like carvings on the doorways and gables."

Wood Church at Burgund

Borgund stave church is a stave church located in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway. It is classified as…

"The original form of the mitre was that of the early papal tiara, i.e. a somewhat high conical cap. The stages of its general development from this shape to the high double—horned modern mitre are clearly traceable though it is impossible exact distinguish them in point of date." —Encyclopaedia Britannica

Mitre Evolution from 11th Century to Present Day

"The original form of the mitre was that of the early papal tiara, i.e. a somewhat high conical cap.…

Also known as Phoenix Dactylifera. The date palm tree is one of the oldest fruit trees in the world. Dates held a very important role in certain desert regions as the staple food crop.

Date Palm of the Lower Euphrates

Also known as Phoenix Dactylifera. The date palm tree is one of the oldest fruit trees in the world.…

"The great northeast tower of the sixth city. The stairs to the right date from the eighth city."—Webster, 1913

Excavations at Troy

"The great northeast tower of the sixth city. The stairs to the right date from the eighth city."—Webster,…

Common date palm is the common name of phoenix dactylifera. The fruit of the tree is generally reddish or yellowish-brown when ripe. The tree grows between one hundred and one hundred twenty feet tall.

Common Date Palm

Common date palm is the common name of phoenix dactylifera. The fruit of the tree is generally reddish…

Phoenix reclinata is a variety of date palm. This variety grows about fifty feet tall.

Phoenix Reclinata

Phoenix reclinata is a variety of date palm. This variety grows about fifty feet tall.

Phoenix rupicola is a variety of date palm. This variety grows between fifteen and twenty feet tall.

Phoenix Rupicola

Phoenix rupicola is a variety of date palm. This variety grows between fifteen and twenty feet tall.

East Indian Wine Palm, also known as Wild Date, is the common name of phoenix sylvestris. The fruit is reddish yellow when ripe and one one inch long. The tree grows forty feet tall.

East Indian Wine Palm

East Indian Wine Palm, also known as Wild Date, is the common name of phoenix sylvestris. The fruit…

Phoenix tenius is a variety of date palm. It is more fine and slender than other varieties.

Phoenix Tenius

Phoenix tenius is a variety of date palm. It is more fine and slender than other varieties.

Illustrated is a young date palm with growing suckers or offshoots. It is native to North Africa and the Middle East.

Young Date Palm

Illustrated is a young date palm with growing suckers or offshoots. It is native to North Africa and…

Illustrated is a deglet noor date palm that is about eight years old with offshoots and ripe fruit.

Deglet Noor Date Palm

Illustrated is a deglet noor date palm that is about eight years old with offshoots and ripe fruit.

Pictured is the American seedling date.

American Seedling Date

Pictured is the American seedling date.

Illustrated are fruit clusters of date grown in Arizona.

Fruit Clusters of Date

Illustrated are fruit clusters of date grown in Arizona.

A medal of Abila, representing the head of Faustina, wife of emperor Marcus Aurelius on one side. The other side depicts a bunch of grapes with the inscription LEUK ABILA and the date 236.

Medal of Abila

A medal of Abila, representing the head of Faustina, wife of emperor Marcus Aurelius on one side. The…

A Medal of Berea, depicting second Macedonia and the date 275.

Medal of Berea

A Medal of Berea, depicting second Macedonia and the date 275.

A medal with the portrait of Alexander the Great on one side; the other side shows the inscription <i>ALEXANDROU</i> with the first two Phenician letters of a city, AK or OK, and a date, 26, 16, or 17 years after his death.

Alexander the Great

A medal with the portrait of Alexander the Great on one side; the other side shows the inscription ALEXANDROU…

Lanyon Quoit is a dolmen near Penzance. A dolmen, also known as a cromlech, portal tomb, portal grave or quoit, is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone ("table"), although there are also more complex variants. Most date from the early Neolithic (4000-3000 BCE). Dolmens were typically covered with earth or smaller stones to form a tumulus. In many instances, that covering has weathered away, leaving only the stone "skeleton" of the burial mound intact.

Lanyon Quoit Dolmen

Lanyon Quoit is a dolmen near Penzance. A dolmen, also known as a cromlech, portal tomb, portal grave…

A date palm.

Date Palm

A date palm.

"And they came unto the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it upon a staff between two; they brought also of the pomegranates, and of the figs. That place was called the valley of Eshcol, because of the cluster which the children of Israel cut down from thence. And they returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days." Numbers 13:23-25 ASV <p>Illustration of the twelve spies, including Joshua and Caleb, returning from the land of Canaan. They are carrying the grape clusters and other fruits they took from the land. Three men are pictured. The man in front is waving to Moses and the people. Moses can be seen in the background and is known because he is pictured with horns. The third man is carrying a basket on his head.

Joshua and Caleb Return from Canaan with the Other Spies

"And they came unto the valley of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes,…