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Leaves with several prominent rib-like veins running from base to apex.

Alismaceae

Leaves with several prominent rib-like veins running from base to apex.

Leaves with blunt lobes; flower conspicuous, purple, not on a fleshy axis enclosed in a leaf-like sheath.

Pontederia

Leaves with blunt lobes; flower conspicuous, purple, not on a fleshy axis enclosed in a leaf-like sheath.

Leaves usually with sharp lobes; flowers individually inconspicuous, on a fleshy axis snclosed in a leaf-like sheath.

Peltandra

Leaves usually with sharp lobes; flowers individually inconspicuous, on a fleshy axis snclosed in a…

Leaves large (2 dm long or more), coming out of stout underground stems.

Nuphar

Leaves large (2 dm long or more), coming out of stout underground stems.

Leaves toothed; veins of leaf irregular.

Centella

Leaves toothed; veins of leaf irregular.

Leaves entire; veins of leaf nearly parallel.

Heteranthera

Leaves entire; veins of leaf nearly parallel.

"a, case containing caterpillar; b, cases in winter; c, head and thoracic joints of larva, enlarged; d, moth (the cross shows natural walnut case-bearer, feeds upon walnut and hickory, fastening the leaves together and skeletonizing them from base to tip."-Whitney, 1902

Acrobasis

"a, case containing caterpillar; b, cases in winter; c, head and thoracic joints of larva, enlarged;…

Leaves mostly basal, heart shaped; flowers purple.

Pontederia

Leaves mostly basal, heart shaped; flowers purple.

Leaves large, 2 dm or more in diameter, impossible to wet; flowers solitary, showy, yellow.

Nelumbo

Leaves large, 2 dm or more in diameter, impossible to wet; flowers solitary, showy, yellow.

Leaves with several very prominent ribs running from base to apex.

Alismaceae

Leaves with several very prominent ribs running from base to apex.

Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed in a leafy sheath.

Orontium

Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed…

Flowers many; leaves large, over 10cm long.

Pontederia

Flowers many; leaves large, over 10cm long.

Flowers solitary; leaves small, less than 5 cm long.

Heteranthera

Flowers solitary; leaves small, less than 5 cm long.

"Acute Leaves, 'sharp at the end'"-Whitney, 1902

Acute Leaves

"Acute Leaves, 'sharp at the end'"-Whitney, 1902

Flowers not showy, in axils of leaves, mostly purple.

Ammannia

Flowers not showy, in axils of leaves, mostly purple.

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Gratiola

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

Lycopus

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

Gratiola

Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

Leaves long petioled; flowers inconspicuous.

Boehmeria

Leaves long petioled; flowers inconspicuous.

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

Rhexia

Leaves sessile or very short petioled; flowers showy.

Leaves long petioled; flowers minute, in sessile clusters on branch.

Boehmeria

Leaves long petioled; flowers minute, in sessile clusters on branch.

Leaves large, mostly over 6 cm wide; flowers yellow, very large.

Canna

Leaves large, mostly over 6 cm wide; flowers yellow, very large.

Leaves smaller; flowers individually small, in terminal spike-like clusters.

Habenaria

Leaves smaller; flowers individually small, in terminal spike-like clusters.

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Rumex

Plant with broad leaves, many basal; flowers stalked and drooping.

Plant with narrower leaves, none basal; flowers sessile, in terminal spikes.

Polygonum

Plant with narrower leaves, none basal; flowers sessile, in terminal spikes.

Leaves not over twice as long as broad.

Samalus

Leaves not over twice as long as broad.

Sepals united at base into a tube enclosing the ovary and later the fruit; leaves with spines in axils.

Hydrolea

Sepals united at base into a tube enclosing the ovary and later the fruit; leaves with spines in axils.

flowers solitary or a few in hte axils of the leaves.

Hygrophila

flowers solitary or a few in hte axils of the leaves.

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Pluchea

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Large leaves, over 5 cm broad; flowers large, over 5cm across.

Hibiscus

Large leaves, over 5 cm broad; flowers large, over 5cm across.

Flowers sessile, in the axils of the leaves; fruit a single 3-angled nutlet.

Proserpinaca

Flowers sessile, in the axils of the leaves; fruit a single 3-angled nutlet.

A pair of sugar beetles resting on leaves.

Sugar Beetle

A pair of sugar beetles resting on leaves.

"In the common European Cock-Chafer, <em>Melolontha vulgaris</em>, they are of considerable length, especially the male, and fold up like the leaves of a fan. These insects fly well, but heavily, with a loud whirring noise; but they generally grawl slowly." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Cockchafer

"In the common European Cock-Chafer, Melolontha vulgaris, they are of considerable length,…

"In the European Stag Beetle, <em>Lucanus cervus</em>, as well as the <em>L. dama</em> of our country, called the <em>Horn Beetle</em>, the leaves are short and distinct, rendering the club pectinated." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Stag Beetle

"In the European Stag Beetle, Lucanus cervus, as well as the L. dama of our country,…

"This term, from the latting <em>gala</em>, the oak-apple, and <em>colo</em>, to inhabit, is applied to a tribe of insects which are almost exclusively vegetable feeders, which includes the well-known Gall-Insect, <em>Cynips gallae tinctoriae</em>. The females of these punture the leaves, buds, and other parts of plants and trees, depositing an egg in the wound, accompanied probably by some irritiating fluid, which causes a diseased growth in the part, and thus produces the excrescences known as <em>galls</em>." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Gall Insects

"This term, from the latting gala, the oak-apple, and colo, to inhabit, is applied…

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after him; if he makes a circuit, they all make the circuit also. Should they find a branch of fresh green leaves, they immediately prepare to feast upon it; the ranks spread themselves upon it, each one touching his neighbor, so that not a part of the branch escapes their depridations." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Processionary Caterpillars

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after…

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after him; if he makes a circuit, they all make the circuit also. Should they find a branch of fresh green leaves, they immediately prepare to feast upon it; the ranks spread themselves upon it, each one touching his neighbor, so that not a part of the branch escapes their depridations." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Processionary Caterpillars

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after…

"Arabesque is a style of ornamentation in which are represented men, animals (the latter consisting of mythic as well as actual forms); plants, with leaves, flowers and fruit; mathematical figures, etc.; the whole put together in a whimsical way, so that, for instance, the animals not merely rest upon the plants, but grow out of them like blossoms."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Arabesque Archway

"Arabesque is a style of ornamentation in which are represented men, animals (the latter consisting…

"Begonia is an extensive genus of succulent-stemmed herbaceous plants, order Begoniace&aelig;, with fleshy oblique leaves of various colors, and showy unisexual flowers, the whole perianth colored. They readily hybridize, and many fine varieties have been raised from the tuberous-rooted kinds. From the shape of their leaves they have been called elephant's ear. Almost all the plants of the order are tropical."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Begonia Rex

"Begonia is an extensive genus of succulent-stemmed herbaceous plants, order Begoniaceæ, with…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit Fruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladie&aelig;. They are cultivated in greenhouses here, and flourish in warmer parts of the world. The leaves of the caladium are boiled and eaten in the West Indies."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Caladium

"Caladium is a genus of endogenous plants, the typical one of the family caladieæ. They are cultivated…

"Convolvulus are a genus of plants, common in fields and hedges, especially when the soil is light. The species are generally twining and milky plants, though some are erect bushes. The leaves are often undivided."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Convolvulus

"Convolvulus are a genus of plants, common in fields and hedges, especially when the soil is light.…

"Wake-robin (Arum maculatum)."-Whitney, 1902

Wake-Robin

"Wake-robin (Arum maculatum)."-Whitney, 1902

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm tree of Scripture, a native of the N. half of Africa, the S. W. of Asia, and some parts of India, and of which the cultivation is no less wide, and still extending. Some parts of China produce large crops. The stem, which is straight and simple, reaches a height of 30 to 60 feet, and bears a head of 40 to 80 glaucous pinnated leaves, 8 to 10 feet long, and a number of branching spadices, each of which on the female tree bears 180 to 200 fruits. A bunch of dates weighs 20 or 25 pounds, so that an average year's crop may be reckoned at 300 to 600 pounds per tree, and the yield per acre at about 12 times that of corn. This is one of the most important and useful of all the palms. In Egypt, and generally in North Africa, Persia, and Arabia, dates form the principal food, and date palms the principal wealth of the people."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Date Palm

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm…

Leaves floating flat on surfacel inflourescences minute and inconspicuos.

Hydrochloa

Leaves floating flat on surfacel inflourescences minute and inconspicuos.

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

Paspalum

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

Pistullate spikelets borne above staminate in inflorescence; leaves not cutting.

Zizania

Pistullate spikelets borne above staminate in inflorescence; leaves not cutting.

Pistullate and staminate spikelets intermixed; leaves with scabrous, cutting margins.

Zizaniopsis

Pistullate and staminate spikelets intermixed; leaves with scabrous, cutting margins.

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting leaves.

Cladium

Spikelets with the uppermost scale only enclosing an achene; our commonest species has saw-edged. cutting…

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin of the back is provided with a great orbicular muscle which enables the animal to roll itself up in the form of a ball. The tail is very short. There are several species&mdash;some authorities enumerate 14. The best known is the common hedgehog. This species has a long nose, the nostrils bordered on each side by a loose flap; the hind feet have five toes; the ears are short, rounded, naked and dusky; the upper part of the face, sides, and rump covered with strong, coarse hair, of a yellowish ash color, the back with sharp strong spines of a whitish tint with a bar of black through their middle. They are usually abot 10 inches long, the tail about one. Their usual residence is in small thickets, and they feed on fallen fruits, roots, and insects; they are also fond of flesh, either raw or roasted. The hedgehog defends himself from the attacks of other animals by rolling himself up, and thus exposing no part of his body that is not furnished with a defense of spines. It may be rendered domestic to a certain degree, and has been employed to destroy cockroaches which it pursues with avidity. In the winter the hedgehog wraps itself in a warm nest, composed of moss, dried hay and leaves, and remains torpid till spring."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hedgehog

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple Bud

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Tussock Grass is a large grass, same genus with the cock's-foot grass of the United States; native of the Falkland Islands, Fuegia, and South Patagonia. It grows in great tufts or tussocks sometimes five or six feet in height, the long tapering leaves hanging over in graceful curves. The plant is a useful food for cattle."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tussock Grass

"Tussock Grass is a large grass, same genus with the cock's-foot grass of the United States; native…

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons having the stamens arising from the petals. The order is distinguished from its congeners by the opposite leaves; small irregular flowers. It contains 12 genera and about 190 species, distributed through Northwestern America, Europe, Northern Africa, and temperate Asia&ndash; unknown in Australia, and only one species South African. It has a penetrating odor, and a bitter, acrid, somewhat aromatic taste; when distilled with water it yields a volatile oil and valerianic acid. Cats have a strange liking for the odor, and it exercises a remarkable intoxicating or stimulating power over them; the plant is sometimes called cats' valerian. It is often used to tempt cats to an unhappy fate."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Valerian

"Valerian is an order of herbs or rarely shrubs belonging to the division of monopetalous dicotyledons…

"Victoria Regia, named by Lindley after Queen Victoria, is the most magnificent of all known water lilies, and comes from a region in which it had been supposed that no Nymph&aelig;ace&aelig; occurred. It was first discovered by the botanist H&aelig;nke in 1801; Bonbigny, in 1828, sent home specimens to Paris; others also subsequently saw it growing, but it excited no attention till in 1837, Sir Robert Schomburgk found it in the Berbice river in British Guiana. The rootstock is thick and fleshy, the leaf-stalks prickly, the leaf peltate, its margin circular, its diameter from 6 to 12 feet, the edge so turned up as to make the leaves floating in tranquil water look like a number of large trays. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Victoria Regia

"Victoria Regia, named by Lindley after Queen Victoria, is the most magnificent of all known water lilies,…

"Walnut is a genus comprising seven or eight species of beautiful trees. The common walnut is a native of Persia and the Himalayas, but has long been cultivated in all parts of the S. of Europe. The date of its introduction is unknown, but it was certainly cultivated by the Romans in the reign of Tiberius. It is a lofty tree of 60 to 90 feet, with large spreading branches. The leaves have two to four pairs of leaflets, and a terminal one."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Walnut

"Walnut is a genus comprising seven or eight species of beautiful trees. The common walnut is a native…

"Water Dropwort is a genus of plants of the natural order Umbellifer&aelig;. A number of species are natives of Great Briatin, large perennial plants, with a strong and generally disagreeable aromatic smell, and compound or decomposed leaves. The common water dropwort and the hemlock water dropwort, or water hemlock, are both common in wet places in Great Britain and throughout Europe, and both are narcotic acid poisons. The roots of the latter have some resemblance to parsnips, and hence fatal accidents have frequently occurred. The fine-leaved water dropwort, called water fennel by the Germans, is also common in ditches and ponds both in Great Britain and on the Continent. It is not so poisonous as the other species just named. It was at one time erroneously regarded as a specific against pulmonary consumption; but it has been advantageously employed in pulmonary complaints."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hemlock Water Dropwort

"Water Dropwort is a genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferæ. A number of species are…

"Wormwood is the genus Artemisia. The stem is one to three feet high, grooved, and angled; the leaves silky on both sides, twice or thrice pinnatified, dotted; the yellow flowers in racemes, the heads drooping, silky, the outer flowers fertile. It is wild in North America in various waste places, also in Continental Europe, the North of Africa and Great Britain."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wormwood

"Wormwood is the genus Artemisia. The stem is one to three feet high, grooved, and angled; the leaves…

"Yucca is a genus of American plants, natural order Liliace&aelig; popularly known as Adam's needle. They are evergreen shrubs, their stem tending to arborescence, crowned by a circle of linear, lanceolate, rigid leaves, from the center of which rises a large panicle of snow-white, whitish-green or cream-colored flowers."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Yucca

"Yucca is a genus of American plants, natural order Liliaceæ popularly known as Adam's needle.…