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These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Cluster-cups are orange-colored spores in little cup-like clusters.

Cluster-Cups on Barberry (Lower Side)

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Cluster-cups are orange-colored spores…

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Rusty lines and dots appear on the leaves, which are masses of spores called summer spores.

Summer Spores (Uredospores) on Wheat

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Rusty lines and dots appear on the…

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Black lines and dots appear on the wheat forming masses of spores called winter spores.

Winter Spores (teleutospores) on Wheat

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Black lines and dots appear on the…