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Aronhold stated if any three bodies have plane motion their three virtual centers are three points on one straight line

Centrodes

Aronhold stated if any three bodies have plane motion their three virtual centers are three points on…

An illustration showing how to construct a cycloid. "The circumference C=3.14D. Divide the rolling circle and base line C into a number of equal parts, draw through the division point the ordinates and abscissas, make aa' = 1d, bb' = 2'e, cc = 3f, then ab' and c' are points in the cycloid. In the Epicycloid and Hypocycloid the abscissas are circles and the ordinates are radii to one common center."

Construction Of A Cycloid

An illustration showing how to construct a cycloid. "The circumference C=3.14D. Divide the rolling circle…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse parallel to two parallel lines A and B. "Draw a semicircle on AB, draw ordinates in the circle at right angle to AB, the corresponding and equal ordinates for the ellipse to be drawn parallel to the lines, and thus the elliptic curve is obtained as shown by the figure."

Construction Of An Ellipse Tangent To Two Parallel Lines

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse parallel to two parallel lines A and B. "Draw a…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. "With a as a center, draw two concentric circles with diameters equal to the long and short axes of the desired ellipse. Draw from o any number of radii, A, B, etc. Draw a line Bb' parallel to n and bb' parallel to m, then b is a point in the desired ellipse.

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. "With a as a center, draw two concentric circles…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using a string. "Having given the two axes, set off from c half the great axis at a and b, which are the two focuses of the ellipse. Take an endless string as long as the three sides in the triangle abc, fix two pins or nails in the focuses, one in a and one in b, lay the string around a and b, stretch it with a pencil d, which then will describe the desired ellipse."

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using a string. "Having given the two axes, set…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using circle arcs. "Divide the long axis into three equal parts, draw the two circles, and where they intersect one another are the centers for the tangent arcs of the ellipses as shown by the figure."

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using circle arcs. "Divide the long axis into three…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using circle arcs. "Given the two axes, set off the short axis from A to b, divide b into three equal parts, set off two of these parts from o towards c and c which are the centers for the ends of the ellipse. Make equilateral triangles on cc, when ee will be the centers for the sides of the ellipse. If the long axis is more than twice the short one, this construction will not make a good ellipse."

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse using circle arcs. "Given the two axes, set off…

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. Given the two axes, set off half the long axis from c to ff, which will be the two focuses in the ellipse. Divide the long axis into any number of parts, say a to be a division point. Take Aa as radius and f as center and describe a circle arc about b, take aB as radius and f as center describe another circle arc about b, then the intersection b is a point in the ellipse, and so the whole ellipse can be constructed."

Construction Of An Ellipse

An illustration showing how to construct an ellipse. Given the two axes, set off half the long axis…

An illustration showing how to construct an evolute of a circle. "Given the pitch p, the angle v, and radius r. Divide the angle v into a number of equal parts, draw the radii and tangents for each part, divide the pitch p into an equal number of equal parts, then the first tangent will be one part, second two parts, third three parts, etc., and so the Evolute is traced."

Construction Of An Evolute Of A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct an evolute of a circle. "Given the pitch p, the angle v, and…

An illustration showing how to use isometric perspective. "This kind of perspective admits of scale measurements the same as any ordinary drawing, and gives a clear representation of the object. It is easily learned. All horizontal rectangular lines are drawn at an angle of 30°. All circles are ellipses of proportion, as shown."

Construction Using Isometric Perspective

An illustration showing how to use isometric perspective. "This kind of perspective admits of scale…

An illustration showing how to construct a screw helix.

Construction Of A Screw Helix

An illustration showing how to construct a screw helix.

An illustration showing how to construct a spiral with compasses and four centers. "Given the pitch of the spiral, construct a square about the center, with the four sides together equal to the pitch. Prolong the sides in one direction as shown by the figure, the corners are the centers for each arc of the external angles."

Construction Of A Spiral

An illustration showing how to construct a spiral with compasses and four centers. "Given the pitch…

An illustration showing how to construct an arithmetic spiral. "Given the pitch p and angle v, divide them into an equal number of equal parts, say 6; make 01 = 01, 02 = 02, 03 = 03, 04 = 04, 05 = 05, and 06 = the pitch p; then join the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which will form the spiral required."

Construction Of An Arithmetic Spiral

An illustration showing how to construct an arithmetic spiral. "Given the pitch p and angle v, divide…