"A tray strewn with dust or sand, used in ancient times for calculating. A contrivance for calculating, consisting of beads or balls strung on wires or rods set in a frame."—Wright, 1902

Abacus

"A tray strewn with dust or sand, used in ancient times for calculating. A contrivance for calculating,…

A man riding a horse, lassoing a book of arithmetic.

Man Lassoing Book

A man riding a horse, lassoing a book of arithmetic.

Illustration showing 2 bundles of ten sticks equals 20.

2 Bundles of Ten Sticks

Illustration showing 2 bundles of ten sticks equals 20.

Illustration showing 3 bundles of ten sticks equals 30.

3 Bundles of Ten Sticks

Illustration showing 3 bundles of ten sticks equals 30.

Illustration showing 4 bundles of ten sticks equals 40.

4 Bundles of Ten Sticks

Illustration showing 4 bundles of ten sticks equals 40.

Illustration showing 5 bundles of ten sticks equals 50.

5 Bundles of Ten Sticks

Illustration showing 5 bundles of ten sticks equals 50.