Magellania cranium. A, ventral; B, dorsal valve.

Brachiopoda

Magellania cranium. A, ventral; B, dorsal valve.

Rhynchonella psittacea

Brachiopoda

Rhynchonella psittacea

Thecidea

Brachiopoda

Thecidea

Thecidea

Brachiopoda

Thecidea

Spirifer. Dorsal valve showing calcareous spiral coils

Brachiopoda

Spirifer. Dorsal valve showing calcareous spiral coils

Orthis calligramma

Brachiopoda

Orthis calligramma

Leptaena transversalis. A, ventral; B, dorsal valve.

Brachiopoda

Leptaena transversalis. A, ventral; B, dorsal valve.

Productus horridus

Brachiopoda

Productus horridus

Lingula pyramidata

Brachiopoda

Lingula pyramidata

Discinisca lamellosa

Brachiopoda

Discinisca lamellosa

Crania anomala. Interior of dorsal valve, showing muscular impressions and labial appendages.

Brachiopoda

Crania anomala. Interior of dorsal valve, showing muscular impressions and labial appendages.

Magellania flavescens. Interior of ventral valve. <em>f</em>, foramen; <em>d</em>, deltidium; <em>t</em>, teeth; <em>a</em>, adductor impressions; <em>c</em>, divaricator

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Interior of ventral valve. f, foramen; d, deltidium; t,…

Magellania flavescens. Interior of dorsal valve.

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Interior of dorsal valve.

Magellania flavescens. Longitudinal section of valves. A, ventral; B, dorsal valves; l, loop; q, crura; ss, septum; c, cardinal process.

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Longitudinal section of valves. A, ventral; B, dorsal valves; l, loop; q, crura;…

Terebratula vitrea. Interior of dorsal valve.

Brachiopoda

Terebratula vitrea. Interior of dorsal valve.

Loop of Terebratulina caput serpentis

Brachiopoda

Loop of Terebratulina caput serpentis

Longitudinal section of Terebratella dorsata

Brachiopoda

Longitudinal section of Terebratella dorsata

Longitudinal section of Magas pumilus

Brachiopoda

Longitudinal section of Magas pumilus

Magellania flavescens. Interior of dorsal valve, to show the position of the labial appendages. v, mouth.

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Interior of dorsal valve, to show the position of the labial appendages. v, mouth.

Magellania flavescens. Longitudinal section with a portion of the animal.

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Longitudinal section with a portion of the animal.

A diagram of the left half of an Argiope, which has been bisected in the median plane. 1, the ventral valve; 2, the dorsal valve; 3, the pedicle; 4, the mouth; 5, lip which overhangs the mouth and runs all around the lophophore; 6, tentacles; 7, ovary in dorsal valve; 8, liver diverticula; 9, occlusor muscle; 10, internal opening of left nephridium; 11, external opening of the same; 12, ventral adjustor; 13, divaricator muscle; 14, sub-oesophageal nerve ganglion; 15, the heart; 16, dorsal adjustor muscle.

Brachiopoda

A diagram of the left half of an Argiope, which has been bisected in the median plane. 1, the ventral…

Diagrammatic section through an arm of the lophophore of Crania. 1, the lip; 2, the base of a tentacle bisected in the middle line; 3, great arm-sinus; 4, small arm-sinus, containing muscle-fibres; 5, tentacular canal; 6, external tentacular muscle; 7, tentacular blood-vessel arising from the cut arm-vesel in the small arm-sinus; 8, chief arm-nerve; 9, secondary arm-nerve; 10, under arm-nerve.

Brachiopoda

Diagrammatic section through an arm of the lophophore of Crania. 1, the lip; 2, the base of a tentacle…

Rhynchonella psittacea. Interior of dorsal valve. s, Sockets; b, dental plates; V, mouth; de, labial appendage in its natural position; d, appendage extended or unrolled.

Brachiopoda

Rhynchonella psittacea. Interior of dorsal valve. s, Sockets; b, dental plates; V, mouth; de, labial…

Magellania flavescens. Diagram showing the muscular system. M, ventral; N, dorsal valve; l, Loop; V, Mouth; Z, Extremity of intestine; a, Adductor; c, Divaricators.

Brachiopoda

Magellania flavescens. Diagram showing the muscular system. M, ventral; N, dorsal valve; l, Loop; V,…

Lingula anatina

Brachiopoda

Lingula anatina

Lingula anatina

Brachiopoda

Lingula anatina

Lingula anatina. Diagram showing the muscular system. A, dorsal; B, ventral valve; p, penduncle; e, heart; a, alimentary tube; z, anal aperture.

Brachiopoda

Lingula anatina. Diagram showing the muscular system. A, dorsal; B, ventral valve; p, penduncle; e,…

Diagram of nervous system of Crania; from the dorsal side. The nerves running to the dorsal parts are white, with black edges; those running to the ventral parts are solid black.

Brachiopoda

Diagram of nervous system of Crania; from the dorsal side. The nerves running to the dorsal parts are…

Megathyris. Larva which has just left brood-pouch

Brachiopoda

Megathyris. Larva which has just left brood-pouch

Megathyris larvae stage; longitudinal section through a somewhat later stage.

Brachiopoda

Megathyris larvae stage; longitudinal section through a somewhat later stage.

Megathyris larvae stages; the fully formed embryo just before fixing - the neo-embryo of Beecher.

Brachiopoda

Megathyris larvae stages; the fully formed embryo just before fixing - the neo-embryo of Beecher.

Terebratulina, the larva (neo-embryo) just come to rest.

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, the larva (neo-embryo) just come to rest.

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, the turning forward of the second or mantle segment

Terebratulina, completion of the mantle segment stages

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, completion of the mantle segment stages

Terebratulina, a young brachiopod

Brachiopoda

Terebratulina, a young brachiopod

Shell of larval Brachiopod, Phylembryo stage.

Brachiopoda

Shell of larval Brachiopod, Phylembryo stage.

Diagram of the pedicle-opening of Rhymchonella

Brachiopoda

Diagram of the pedicle-opening of Rhymchonella