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"Segment of Endoskeleton from Thoracic Region of Crocodile. C, centrum of a vertebra, over which rises the neural arch, inclosing the neural canal and ending in NS, the neural spine; Z, prezygapophysis; Z', postzygapophysis; Tt, transverse process which articulates with t, tubercle of a rib; Cpt, that which articulates with Cp, capitulum of a rib; Vr, ossified vertebral rib, or pleurapophysis; Vr', cartilaginous part of same; Str, sternal rib, or hemapophysis; St, segment of sternum; Pu, uncinate process of a rib or epipleura. From Cpt to St, on either side, is the hemal arch." -Whitney, 1911

Crocodile Thoracic Region

"Segment of Endoskeleton from Thoracic Region of Crocodile. C, centrum of a vertebra, over which rises…

This is a diagram of a trunk vertebra in a mammal. c, centrum; ch., position originally occupied by the notochord; h., head of the rib; h.c., haemal cavity; n.a., neural arch; n.c., neural canal; n.s., neural spine; r., rib; st., sternum; s.c., sternal cartilage uniting ribs and sternum; t.p., transverse process of vertebra; tu., tuberole of rib.

Mammal Vertebrae

This is a diagram of a trunk vertebra in a mammal. c, centrum; ch., position originally occupied by…

"Lateral view of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c, intercrural cartilage; d, hemapophysis; e, spinal canal; f, intervertebal cavity; g, central canal for persistent portion of notochord; h, hemal canals for blood-vessels." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Vertebra

"Lateral view of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c,…

"Longitudinal section of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c, intercrural cartilage; d, hemapophysis; e, spinal canal; f, intervertebal cavity; g, central canal for persistent portion of notochord; h, hemal canals for blood-vessels." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Vertebra

"Longitudinal section of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis;…

"Transverse section of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c, intercrural cartilage; d, hemapophysis; e, spinal canal; f, intervertebal cavity; g, central canal for persistent portion of notochord; h, hemal canals for blood-vessels." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Vertebra

"Transverse section of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis;…