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The atlas, which is the first cervical vertebra. Labels: Aa, body of atlas, D, odontoid process of axis; Fas, facet on upper side of atlas with which the skull articulates; L, transverse ligament; Frt, vertebral foramen.

The Atlas (1st Cervical Vertebra)

The atlas, which is the first cervical vertebra. Labels: Aa, body of atlas, D, odontoid process of axis;…

The axis, which is the second cervical vertebra. Labels: D, odontoid process of axis; Fas, facet on upper side of atlas with which the skull articulates; Frt, vertebral foramen.

The Axis (2nd Cervical Vertebra)

The axis, which is the second cervical vertebra. Labels: D, odontoid process of axis; Fas, facet on…

The neural canal of first three cervical vertebrae, opened from above to show the internal ligaments. The occiput and foramen magnum are seen to the right. Labels: b, the odontoid ligament; a, the occipitoatloid portion (long adontoid); c, superior common ligament; d, posterior articular cavity of a vertebral centrum.

Neural Canal

The neural canal of first three cervical vertebrae, opened from above to show the internal ligaments.…