ClipArt ETC
"Charlemagne's signature. Only the central portion was made by Charles, the other letters, forming the name Karolus, being written by a secretary."—Colby, 1899

Charlemagne's Signature

"Charlemagne's signature. Only the central portion was made by Charles, the other letters, forming the…

"Saracen Arms. Charlemagne now had to deal with certain non-Germanic peoples who were threatening his borders. These were the Saracens, Slavs, and Avars. The Mohammedan Saracens, or Moors, had gained possession of the whole of Spain, but there were still small fragments of the ancient Visigothic kingdom in the north. It was to save these little Christian states from their Mohammedan oppressors, as well as to round out the limits of his own kingdom, that Charlemagne undertook a campaign against the Saracens."—Colby, 1899

Saracen Arms

"Saracen Arms. Charlemagne now had to deal with certain non-Germanic peoples who were threatening his…