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A building which looks vaguely Middle Eastern.

Building

A building which looks vaguely Middle Eastern.

The Capitol, Washington

Capitol Building and Tree

The Capitol, Washington

A spherical vault on the top of an edifice.

Cupola

A spherical vault on the top of an edifice.

"Dagoba from Ceylon." —D'Anvers, 1895

Dagoba

"Dagoba from Ceylon." —D'Anvers, 1895

"The Dome of St. Peter's from the Janiculan." — Young, 1901

Dome of St. Peter's

"The Dome of St. Peter's from the Janiculan." — Young, 1901

"Diagram to show thickening dome on both sides of the partition wall." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Thickening Dome

"Diagram to show thickening dome on both sides of the partition wall." — Encyclopedia Britanica,…

The west corner dome of the main exposition building in Paris.

Exposition Building

The west corner dome of the main exposition building in Paris.

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has a dome or arch a, and back water-way b; the heated products of combustion striking against this back are sent up the central flue c, and then diverted into the side flues d, d, before passing into the chimney shaft e." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gold Medal Boiler

"The Gold Medal Boiler is perhaps one of the best of these modified saddles, and like the others has…

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults are pointed instead of round. In comparison with a barrel vault, a groin vault provides good economies of material and labour. The thrust is concentrated along the groins or arrises (the four diagonal edges formed along the points where the barrel vaults intersect), so the vault need only be abutted at its four corners.

Groined Vault with Zig-Zag Ridge-Joints

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced…

"Semi-dome, exterior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

Suleimanié Mosque

"Semi-dome, exterior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

"Semi-dome, interior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

Suleimanié Mosque

"Semi-dome, interior. Apse of Suleimanié Mosque, Constantinople (A.D. 1550)." -Whitney, 1911

A mountain dome is a land form that occurs when magma rises from the mantle and pushes sedimentary rock into a dome shape.

Mountain Dome

A mountain dome is a land form that occurs when magma rises from the mantle and pushes sedimentary rock…

A stretched out image of the octagonal dome by using projection or with dividers to create a five-piece elbow.

Development of Octagonal Dome

A stretched out image of the octagonal dome by using projection or with dividers to create a five-piece…

"The finest monument of this time is the Pantheon of Rome, first built about B.C. 27, which is one of the grandest buildings of the ancient world. Whether it was erected as a Temple or as a Hall attached to the Thermae of Agrippa is a moot point. It is even now in a sufficient good state of preservation for us to be able to judge of what it was." —D'Anvers, 1895

Pantheon

"The finest monument of this time is the Pantheon of Rome, first built about B.C. 27, which is one of…

Chinese structures have nothing durable about them, for perishable wood forms an essential element in their construction, and they were more remarkable for their elegance and slender proportions than for their vast dimensions. The roofs are especially characteristic, the most striking peculiarity being that they are always curved, and have figures on them in high relief, as well as at the corners, from which hang bells, and that they are decorated with all kinds of embellishments, such as gilt dragons, and other fantastic carvings.

Chinese Pavilion

Chinese structures have nothing durable about them, for perishable wood forms an essential element in…

Chinese structures have nothing durable about them, for perishable wood forms an essential element in their construction, and they were more remarkable for their elegance and slender proportions than for their vast dimensions. The roofs are especially characteristic, the most striking peculiarity being that they are always curved, and have figures on them in high relief, as well as at the corners, from which hang bells, and that they are decorated with all kinds of embellishments, such as gilt dragons, and other fantastic carvings.

Part of a Chinese Pavilion

Chinese structures have nothing durable about them, for perishable wood forms an essential element in…

A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room. The pendentives, which are triangular segments of a sphere, taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome. In masonry the pendentives thus receive the weight of the dome, concentrating it at the four corners where it can be received by the piers beneath.

Diagram of Pendentives

A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or…

"And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-jonah: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father who is in heaven." Matthew 16:16-17 ASV <p>Illustration of Peter kneeling before Jesus. Jesus is telling Peter that he will build his church upon Peter and Peter will have the keys to heaven. Jesus is handing Peter a key with a cross on it. Six other disciples are standing to the side, watching. The dome of St. Peter's Basilica glows in the distant background. This scene is commonly referred to as the Confession of Peter.

Peter Publicly Professes that Jesus is Christ, the Son of God

"And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered…

"And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him. And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ. And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law, Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said, Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word: For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel." Luke 2: 25-32 KJV <p>Illustration of Simeon holding Jesus in his arms and prophesying. Mary and Joseph stand next to him. Joseph is holding a cage with two turtle doves inside. A prophetess named Anna stands next to Simeon. A domed arch frames Simeon. Onlookers stand to either side.

Simeon Prophesies When Jesus is Presented at the Temple

"And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout,…

"Michel-Angelo assumed such considerable and prominent position by his genius and authority, that his example necessarily entailed imitation and produced effects on subsequent times. When his deviations were moderate, they were considered by his imitators merely as marks of the originality of his wonderful talent, and by this means proved stepping-stones to the degeneration which marked the ensuing period of the Roccoco style. Amongst his architectural works, the design of the Capitol at Rome, with its wings, may be considered as the most pleasing, whilst as a testimony to his lofty genius the mighty and glorious dome of St. Peter's at Rome, which has no rival in the world, must be adducted as a striking instance. This dome was only completed after Michel-Angelo's death. Both as regards its colossal dimensions, as well as its beautiful proportions and lines, it produces, both internally and externally, a most wonderful impression. It should be remarkable that Michel-Angelo, like Bramante before him, selected the form of the Greek cross for his church, and planned the dome accordingly, and that the nave, which is by Carlo Maderno, is, both externally and internally, prejudicial to the effect of the dome."The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), officially known in Italian as the Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City. St. Peter's has the largest interior of any Christian church in the world, holding 60,000 people. It is regarded as one of the holiest Christian sites and has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom". In Catholic tradition, it is the burial site of its namesake Saint Peter, who was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, according to tradition, first Bishop of Rome and therefore first in the line of the papal succession.

Section of the Dome of St. Peter's, Rome

"Michel-Angelo assumed such considerable and prominent position by his genius and authority, that his…

"Michel-Angelo assumed such considerable and prominent position by his genius and authority, that his example necessarily entailed imitation and produced effects on subsequent times. When his deviations were moderate, they were considered by his imitators merely as marks of the originality of his wonderful talent, and by this means proved stepping-stones to the degeneration which marked the ensuing period of the Roccoco style. Amongst his architectural works, the design of the Capitol at Rome, with its wings, may be considered as the most pleasing, whilst as a testimony to his lofty genius the mighty and glorious dome of St. Peter's at Rome, which has no rival in the world, must be adducted as a striking instance. This dome was only completed after Michel-Angelo's death. Both as regards its colossal dimensions, as well as its beautiful proportions and lines, it produces, both internally and externally, a most wonderful impression. It should be remarkable that Michel-Angelo, like Bramante before him, selected the form of the Greek cross for his church, and planned the dome accordingly, and that the nave, which is by Carlo Maderno, is, both externally and internally, prejudicial to the effect of the dome."The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), officially known in Italian as the Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. Peter's Basilica, is located within the Vatican City. St. Peter's has the largest interior of any Christian church in the world, holding 60,000 people. It is regarded as one of the holiest Christian sites and has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as "the greatest of all churches of Christendom". In Catholic tradition, it is the burial site of its namesake Saint Peter, who was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, according to tradition, first Bishop of Rome and therefore first in the line of the papal succession.

Back View of St. Peter's, Rome

"Michel-Angelo assumed such considerable and prominent position by his genius and authority, that his…

The pantheon at Rome is a temple that was built to all the gods of Ancient Rome. It was built by Marcus Agrippa Roman statesman, general, and son-in-law to Emperor Caesar Augustus. The structure has a circular body with columns and a dome that covers the ceiling.

The Pantheon at Rome

The pantheon at Rome is a temple that was built to all the gods of Ancient Rome. It was built by Marcus…

A simple conical roof.

Conical Style Roof Type

A simple conical roof.

A simple hip roof.

Hip Style Roof Type

A simple hip roof.

"The warmer current ascends, as indicated by the small arrows, and curls at the black wreath (u) of cloud, and then the commingling of the two currents forms an imposing dark dome (v) of cloud, from which heavy rain (r) or hail descends. The light grayish cloud which is seen behind the black wreath is the rain descending from the dark dome. The heavy raindrops bring down a large quantity of cold air, which flies straight out in advance of the storm, and produces the squall (q) indicated by the long arrow."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Line squall

"The warmer current ascends, as indicated by the small arrows, and curls at the black wreath (u) of…

"If the cylinder A were to be developed a right section as at S&mdash;S would have to be taken, whose stretchout would be a straight line. If the cutting planes were taken at uniform distances apart, or at random, the elements would not be spaced uniformly on the stretchout but would be found as they project on the turned section of S&mdash;S." &mdash;French, 1911

Two Cylinders with Axes Not Intersecting

"If the cylinder A were to be developed a right section as at S—S would have to be taken, whose…

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A is divided into a number of equal parts the points will represent the top views of elements."&mdash;French, 1911

Intersection of Two Cylinders

"The intersection of two cylinders might represent a dome on a boiler. If the top view of cylinder A…

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial felicity in the arrangement of his ground-plans, particularly in instances where he had an unlimited space for disposal. His command, moreover, of good proportion , rendered his combinations of civic and sacred buildings most pleasing to the eye; whilst the columnar arrangement of his entrances conveyed an agreeable, and at the same time, dignified impression. Consequently the works of Palladio, although often composed of heterogeneous elements, remained for a long period the model for an entire style; and even in the eighteenth century, when the total deterioration of architecture, as exemplified in what is called by the Germans "the Zopf-und-Perrücken Styl" (pigtail and periwig style), led architects again in the direction of the classical, the designs of Palladio became anew a subject of study. Even in present day they are often immoderately praised by those who are not really conversant with the principles and requirements of art, and who are ignorant of the history of the development of architecture."Il Redentore, more properly Chiesa del Santissimo Redentore (Church of the Most Holy Redeemer), is Andrea Palladio's great domed church on Giudecca, one of the islands of Venice. Located on the waterfront of the Canale della Giudecca, it dominates the skyline of the island.The Redentore was built in thanksgiving for deliverance from the plague that decimated Venice from 1575 to 1576, in which some 46,000 people, 25-30 percent of the population, died. The Senate commissioned the great architect Palladio to design it. Construction began in May 1577. The building was in a satisfactory stage and was consecrated in 1592.

St. Saviour's, Venice

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial…