The skeleton of the arm and leg. Labels: H, the humerus; Cd, its articular head which fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula; U, the ulna; R, the radius; O, the olecranon; Fe, the femur; P, the patella; Fi, the fibula; T, the tibia.

Arm and Leg Skeleton

The skeleton of the arm and leg. Labels: H, the humerus; Cd, its articular head which fits into the…

This illustration shows the plantigrade leg of a bear. Plantigrade means that the animal walks flat on its foot.
P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis

Leg of Bear

This illustration shows the plantigrade leg of a bear. Plantigrade means that the animal walks flat…

Bones of the leg

Leg Bones

Bones of the leg

"Phalacrocorax bicristatus. Cormorant. The knee-joint of a Cormorants. F, femur; P, patella; T, tibia; Fb, fibula

The Knee-joint of a Cormorant

"Phalacrocorax bicristatus. Cormorant. The knee-joint of a Cormorants. F, femur; P, patella; T, tibia;…

"The <em>femur</em>, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip to the knee. It has a rounded head, which fits into the cuplike cavity in the hip bone which has already been mentioned." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Femur

"The femur, or thigh bone, the largest and heaviest bone in the body, reaches from the hip…

The anterior surface of the right femur.

Femur

The anterior surface of the right femur.

The posterior surface of the right femur.

Femur

The posterior surface of the right femur.

Section of the femur. 1: External view; 2: Cellular portion at end; 3: Hollow in middle; 4: Thick shell of middle.

Femur

Section of the femur. 1: External view; 2: Cellular portion at end; 3: Hollow in middle; 4: Thick shell…

The femur (thigh bone).

Femur

The femur (thigh bone).

Posterior view of the femur (bone of the leg). Labels: 1, depression for round ligament; 2, the head; 3, depression for rotary muscles; 4, trochanter major; 5, trochanter minor; 6, roughness for gluteus maximus tendon; 7, 7, linea aspera; 8, surface for gastrocnemius muscle; 9, external condyle; 10, depression for anterior crucial ligament; 11, depression for posterior crucial ligament; 12, origin of internal lateral ligament.

Femur

Posterior view of the femur (bone of the leg). Labels: 1, depression for round ligament; 2, the head;…

The thigh bone cut through the middle. Labels: b, hard bone; h and d, spongy bone; ma, marrow.

Femur

The thigh bone cut through the middle. Labels: b, hard bone; h and d, spongy bone; ma, marrow.

A femur sawed lengthwise.

A Femur

A femur sawed lengthwise.

The right femur, rear view.

Femur

The right femur, rear view.

Illustrating the ossification of the upper end of the femur and the condition of coxa vara. Labels: A, at birth; B, at second year; C, at fourth year; D, from a subject of coxa vara.

Ossification of the Femur and the Condition of Coxa Vara

Illustrating the ossification of the upper end of the femur and the condition of coxa vara. Labels:…

Right femur from before.

Femur from Before

Right femur from before.

Right femur from behind.

Femur from Behind

Right femur from behind.

Lower end of right femur from below.

Lower End of Femur from Below

Lower end of right femur from below.

A, Normal Femur. B, Femur in an advanced state of knock-knee, showing the enlargement of the internal condyle.

Femur in Knock-Knee

A, Normal Femur. B, Femur in an advanced state of knock-knee, showing the enlargement of the internal…

Back view of the femur.

Back View of the Femur

Back view of the femur.

The calcar femorale and its relationship to impacted fractures of the neck of the femur.

Calcar Femorale and its Relationship to Fractures of the Femur

The calcar femorale and its relationship to impacted fractures of the neck of the femur.

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cross Section of a Femur

"The Right Femur sawed in Two Lengthwise." — Blaisedell, 1904

Diagram showing the line used by Nelaton to test upward displacement of the femur, and another which serves to indicate the position for trephining the sacro-iliac joint. Labels: A.S.S., anterior superior spine of ilium; P.S.S., posterior superior spine of ilium.

Displacement of the Femur

Diagram showing the line used by Nelaton to test upward displacement of the femur, and another which…

In the midst of the cancellous tissue the femoral spur, which commences at the point where the neck joins the shaft just external to the lesser trochanter,and extends in the direction of the digital fossa. Shown is the femoral spur or calcar femorale.

Femoral Spur of the Femur

In the midst of the cancellous tissue the femoral spur, which commences at the point where the neck…

Frontal section through upper end of femur, showing arrangement of pressure and tension lamellae.

Frontal Section Through Upper End of Femur

Frontal section through upper end of femur, showing arrangement of pressure and tension lamellae.

The Femur (upper leg bone) is the longest, largest, and strongest bone in the skeleton. Labels: b, rounded head; n, neck; gtr, greater trochanter; ltr, lesser trochanter.

Human Femur Bone

The Femur (upper leg bone) is the longest, largest, and strongest bone in the skeleton. Labels: b, rounded…

The longitudinal section of the extremity of the femur, exhibiting the arrangement of the spongy substance. Labels: 1, 2 Positions in which the compact substance appears to resolve itself into a series of arches.

Longitudinal Section of the Femur

The longitudinal section of the extremity of the femur, exhibiting the arrangement of the spongy substance.…

Longitudinal section of head and neck of femur.

Longitudinal Section of Head of Femur

Longitudinal section of head and neck of femur.

Lower end of right femur as seen from below.

Lower End of Femur

Lower end of right femur as seen from below.

Hip Joint, with ligaments removed, except the one on the head of the femur.

Hip Joint

Hip Joint, with ligaments removed, except the one on the head of the femur.

Dissection of hip joint from the front.

Dissection of Hip Joint From Front

Dissection of hip joint from the front.

Right hip joint, from the mesal side. The bottom of the acetabulum had been chiseled away sufficiently to make the head of the femur visible.

Hip Joint from Mesal Side

Right hip joint, from the mesal side. The bottom of the acetabulum had been chiseled away sufficiently…

Right hip joint, seen from before

Hip Joint Seen from Before

Right hip joint, seen from before

Right hip joint, from behind. The joint capsule, except for strengthening ligaments, has been removed.

Back View of Hip Joint

Right hip joint, from behind. The joint capsule, except for strengthening ligaments, has been removed.

Right hip joint, from in front.

Front View of Hip Joint

Right hip joint, from in front.

Right hip joint. Posterior half, viewed from in front. The joint surfaces have been somewhat pulled apart.

Frontal Section of Hip Joint

Right hip joint. Posterior half, viewed from in front. The joint surfaces have been somewhat pulled…

A frontal section through the left hip joint of a boy. Front view.

Frontal Section Through Hip Joint

A frontal section through the left hip joint of a boy. Front view.

This illustration shows a front view of a human leg.
P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View)

This illustration shows a front view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA.…

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of the leg:
1. Human, 2. Ox, 3. Horse, 4. Bird, 5. Frog, 6. Crocodile, 7. Seal, 8. Dog, 9. Bear
P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Front View), and Comparative Diagrams showing Modifications of the Leg

This illustration shows a human leg (front view), and comparative diagrams showing modifications of…

This illustration shows a side view of a human leg.
P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA. Tarsus, MT. Metatarsus, PH. Phalanges, OC. Os Calcis.

Human Leg (Side View)

This illustration shows a side view of a human leg. P. Pelvis, FE. Femur, TI. Tibia, FI. Fibula, TA.…

Right knee joint from the lateral surface. The joint cavity and several bursae have been injected with a stiffening medium and then dissected out.

Knee Joint from Lateral Surface

Right knee joint from the lateral surface. The joint cavity and several bursae have been injected with…

Right knee joint showing interior ligaments.

Knee Joint Showing Interior Ligaments

Right knee joint showing interior ligaments.

Section through right knee joint.

Cross Section Through Knee Joint

Section through right knee joint.

A frontal section through the right knee joint of a boy. Seen from behind.

Frontal Section Through Knee Joint

A frontal section through the right knee joint of a boy. Seen from behind.

A sagittal section through the right knee joint of a boy. Seen from the outer side.

Sagittal Section Through Knee Joint

A sagittal section through the right knee joint of a boy. Seen from the outer side.

Right knee joint. Sagittal section through the external condyle of the femur. Mesal half of section, from lateral side. The knee is slightly flexed; the joint surfaces have been pulled a little apart.

Sagittal Section Through Knee Joint

Right knee joint. Sagittal section through the external condyle of the femur. Mesal half of section,…

A vertical section of the knee joint. Labels: femur; 3, patella; 2, 4, ligaments of the patella; 5, tibia; 6, cartilage of the tibia; 12, cartilage of the membrane.

Vertical Section of the Knee Joint

A vertical section of the knee joint. Labels: femur; 3, patella; 2, 4, ligaments of the patella; 5,…

Median frontal section of the right knee, viewed from in front.

Median Frontal Section Through Knee

Median frontal section of the right knee, viewed from in front.

Sagittal section of the right knee, viewed from the outer side. The joint cavity proper lies to each side of the anterior crural ligament.

Sagittal Section Through Knee

Sagittal section of the right knee, viewed from the outer side. The joint cavity proper lies to each…

An anterior view of the right knee-joint.

Knee-joint

An anterior view of the right knee-joint.

An posterior view of the right knee-joint.

Knee-joint

An posterior view of the right knee-joint.

The right knee-joint showing interior ligaments.

Knee-joint

The right knee-joint showing interior ligaments.

"Bones of the leg. a, femur; b, tibia; c, fibula; d, tarsal bones; e, metatarsal bones; f, phalanges; g, patella." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Leg Bones

"Bones of the leg. a, femur; b, tibia; c, fibula; d, tarsal bones; e, metatarsal bones; f, phalanges;…

Deep muscles of the internal femoral region.

Deep Muscles of the Leg

Deep muscles of the internal femoral region.

Diagram to show mechanism of fracture of the patella by muscular action. a, Line of action of quadriceps muscle; b, femur; c, tibia.

Mechanism of Fracture of the Patella by Muscular Action

Diagram to show mechanism of fracture of the patella by muscular action. a, Line of action of quadriceps…

Showing position of patella in relation to condyles of femur with knee flexed at a right angle.

Position of Patella in Relation to Condyles of Femur with Knee Flexed

Showing position of patella in relation to condyles of femur with knee flexed at a right angle.

Showing position of patella in relation to condyles of femur with knee partially flexed.

Position of Patella in Relation to Condyles of Femur with Knee Partially Flexed

Showing position of patella in relation to condyles of femur with knee partially flexed.

Section through the patella and one inch above the condyles.

Cross Section Through Patella

Section through the patella and one inch above the condyles.

The polar bear, Plantigrada, is part of the subdivision Carnivora, which includes other carnivorous animals, like the bear and raccoon, that walk with the heel up on the ground. a, femur, or thigh; b, tibia, or leg; c, tarsus and metatarsus, or foot; d, calx, or heel; e, planta, or sole; f, digits, or toes.

Polar Bear Leg

The polar bear, Plantigrada, is part of the subdivision Carnivora, which includes other carnivorous…

The anatomy of a polar bear's leg.  a, femur (thigh); b, tibia (leg); c, tarsus and metatarsus (foot); d, calx (heel); e, planta (sole); f, digits (toes).

Polar Bear Leg

The anatomy of a polar bear's leg. a, femur (thigh); b, tibia (leg); c, tarsus and metatarsus (foot);…

Section through the lower third of the thigh, five inches above knee joint.

Cross Section Through Thigh Five Inches Above Knee Joint

Section through the lower third of the thigh, five inches above knee joint.