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Structure of the chest, showing the framework of the bones which are connected together chiefly by muscles. It is important to understand the structure of the chest in order to understand how the movements of the chest are made in inspiration and expiration. The spinal column <em>b,b</em> is the grand pillar that supports this barrel-shaped framework. The ribs <em>c, c, c</em> are fastened very strongly by ligaments to the spinal column. They are 2 in number, 12 on each side and extend round towards the breast bone (sternum) <em>a</em> in front.

Structure of the Chest

Structure of the chest, showing the framework of the bones which are connected together chiefly by muscles.…

Diaphragm in its state of greatest descent in inspiration; 2, muscles of the abdomen, showing the extend of their protrusion in the action of inspiration.

Diaphragm During Inspiration

Diaphragm in its state of greatest descent in inspiration; 2, muscles of the abdomen, showing the extend…

Diaphragm of the diaphragm and it's placement in the chest. Let <em>a</em> represent the spinal column, <em>b</em> the front wall of the chest, <em>Cc</em> the cavity of the chest, and <em>Ca</em> the cavity of the abdomen. At <em>d</em> is represented the diaphragm. As you can see from the figure, as the fibers of the diaphragm are shortened the space in the chest increases which is what takes place during inspiration. On the contrary, during expiration the diaphragm is pushed upward as shown in this figure so the room in the chest is lessened and air is forced out.

The Diaphragm

Diaphragm of the diaphragm and it's placement in the chest. Let a represent the spinal column,…

The larynx as seen by means of the laryngoscope in different conditions of the glottis. Labels: A, while singing a high note; b, in quiet breathing; C, during a deep inspiration; l, base of tongue; e, upper free edge of epiglottis; e', cushion of the epiglottis; ph, part of anterior wall of pharynx; cv, the true vocal cords; cvs, the false vocal cords; tr, the trachea with its rings; b, the two bronchi at their commencement.

The Larynx in Different Conditions of the Glottis

The larynx as seen by means of the laryngoscope in different conditions of the glottis. Labels: A, while…

Saint Mark sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. Scrolls rest on the table. Beside him rests a lion, the Evangelist's traditional symbol.

Saint Mark Writing

Saint Mark sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. Scrolls rest on the table. Beside him…

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a dove, hovers over his shoulder. Books and a human skull rest on the table. The skull, presumably, is a reference to man, the Evangelist's traditional symbol.

Saint Matthew Writing

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a…

The elevation of the ribs is accompanied by a slight opening out of the angle which the bony part forms with its cartilage (A); and thus an additional means is provided for increasing the anteroposterior diameter of the chest.

Movement of Ribs in Inspiration

The elevation of the ribs is accompanied by a slight opening out of the angle which the bony part forms…

Showing position for inspiration (top) and position for expiration (bottom).

Treatment of Suffocation

Showing position for inspiration (top) and position for expiration (bottom).

Orthodiagram of the thorax. The position of parts is shown in extreme inspiration; the position of the diaphragm and liver in expiration is also shown.

Orthodiagram of the Thorax

Orthodiagram of the thorax. The position of parts is shown in extreme inspiration; the position of the…

A writer trying to find inspiration.

Writer

A writer trying to find inspiration.