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Hornbooks are not what we would think of today as a book, for it was made of a piece of cardboard covered on one side with a thin sheet of horn, and surrounded by a frame with a handle. Through the covering of the horn the little boy could see the alphabet written on the cardboard in both large and small letters. After these would come rows of syllables to help him in learning to pronounce simple combinations of sounds. Probably last on the sheet there would be the Lord's Prayer, which he must be taught to say without mistake.

Children with Hornbooks

Hornbooks are not what we would think of today as a book, for it was made of a piece of cardboard covered…

"An outdoor classroom at Williamsburg, Virginia. When the children becoem tired indoors, classes are taken to this building for a recitation. There were only 20 days during the winter of 1911-1912 on which this outdor classroom was not used." — Ritchie, 1918

Outdoor classroom

"An outdoor classroom at Williamsburg, Virginia. When the children becoem tired indoors, classes are…

An illustration of a man reading a book.

Man Reading Book

An illustration of a man reading a book.

"An open-air schoolroom in Sacramento, California. The inclosed room is used only in bad weather." — Ritchie, 1918

Open-air schoolroom

"An open-air schoolroom in Sacramento, California. The inclosed room is used only in bad weather." —…