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"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4. spore-case after the discharge of the spores; 5. columella with a few spores adhering." -Lindley, 1853

Andrea nivalis

"Andrea nivalis, natural size; 2. the same much magnified; 3. spore-case with the torn calyptra; 4.…

The moss, Andraea rupestris much magnified.

Andreaea Moss

The moss, Andraea rupestris much magnified.

"Shields of Baeomyces rufus." -Lindley, 1853

Asci

"Shields of Baeomyces rufus." -Lindley, 1853

"1. Spore-case of Lycopodium denticulatum opened; 2. antheridium; 3. spore." -Lindley, 1853

Ground Pine

"1. Spore-case of Lycopodium denticulatum opened; 2. antheridium; 3. spore." -Lindley, 1853

"Cetraria islandica: a a. its shields; b. a shield magnified and divided vertically." -Lindley, 1853

Iceland Moss

"Cetraria islandica: a a. its shields; b. a shield magnified and divided vertically." -Lindley, 1853

celand moss (Cetraria islandica) is a lichen whose erect or ascending foliaceous habit gives it something of the appearance of a moss, whence probably the name. It is often of a pale chestnut color, but varies considerably, being sometimes almost entirely greyish white; and grows to a height of from 3 to 4 in., the branches being channelled or rolled into tubes, which terminate in flattened lobes with fringed edges.

Iceland Moss

celand moss (Cetraria islandica) is a lichen whose erect or ascending foliaceous habit gives it something…

"A greatly magnified view of a perpendicular section of Parmelia aipolia, showing the thecae in the shield, a; b, the hypothecium and some gonidia beneath it; c, the medullary region; and d, the gonimic layer." -Lindley, 1853

Leaf Lichen

"A greatly magnified view of a perpendicular section of Parmelia aipolia, showing the thecae in the…

"1. Shields of Variolaria amara; 2, a portion of the thallus of the same plant." -Lindley, 1853

Lichen

"1. Shields of Variolaria amara; 2, a portion of the thallus of the same plant." -Lindley, 1853

"5. shield of Opegrapha scripta; 6. thallus of the same." -Lindley, 1853

Lichen

"5. shield of Opegrapha scripta; 6. thallus of the same." -Lindley, 1853

"A. Lecanora esculenta; B. Lecanora affinis." -Lindley, 1853

Lichens

"A. Lecanora esculenta; B. Lecanora affinis." -Lindley, 1853

"3. a piece of the thallus of Sticta pulmonacea, with lacunae and soredia; 4. thallus of the same, bearing shields." -Lindley, 1853

Tree Lungwort

"3. a piece of the thallus of Sticta pulmonacea, with lacunae and soredia; 4. thallus of the same, bearing…

"Sticta pulmonaria, or Lungs of the Oak." -Lindley, 1853

Tree Lungwort

"Sticta pulmonaria, or Lungs of the Oak." -Lindley, 1853

The tree moss (Psuedevernia furfuracea) is a fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines, here showing an apothecium.

Tree Moss Bearing an Apothecium

The tree moss (Psuedevernia furfuracea) is a fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines, here showing…

Also known as Puccinia graminis. This fungus is a significant detriment to cereal crops. It is currently spreading across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This image depicts a a spore of the fungus germinating and producing Sporidia on the tips of small stalks.

Stem Rust

Also known as Puccinia graminis. This fungus is a significant detriment to cereal crops. It is currently…