"Heathen Deities: Apollo"-Willson, 1859.

Apollo

"Heathen Deities: Apollo"-Willson, 1859.

"Athena (Minerva), the national deity of the Athenians." — Smith, 1882

Athena

"Athena (Minerva), the national deity of the Athenians." — Smith, 1882

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

Athena and Argo

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

Goddess of Wisdom

Athene

Goddess of Wisdom

Goddess of Wisdom

Athene

Goddess of Wisdom

Goddess of Wisdom

Athene

Goddess of Wisdom

Goddess of Wisdom

Athene Parthenos

Goddess of Wisdom

"Heathen Deities: Ceres"-Willson, 1859.

Ceres

"Heathen Deities: Ceres"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Diana"-Willson, 1859.

Diana

"Heathen Deities: Diana"-Willson, 1859.

A coin engraved with images of Minerva and Jupiter. Minerva was the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess Athena, and Jupiter was similar to the Greek god of thunder, Zeus.

Dieties

A coin engraved with images of Minerva and Jupiter. Minerva was the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess…

The Minerva head is a design on the Greek Goddess Athena. This design frequently occurred on medallions.

Minerva Head

The Minerva head is a design on the Greek Goddess Athena. This design frequently occurred on medallions.

This Right Minerva head is the modern version design of the Greek Goddess Athena. This design frequently occurred on medallions.

Right Minerva Head

This Right Minerva head is the modern version design of the Greek Goddess Athena. This design frequently…

"Heathen Deities: Juno"-Willson, 1859.

Juno

"Heathen Deities: Juno"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Jupiter"-Willson, 1859.

Jupiter

"Heathen Deities: Jupiter"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Mars"-Willson, 1859.

Mars

"Heathen Deities: Mars"-Willson, 1859.

A medal of Tarsus which suggest that Minerva, the goddess of arts and sciences, was revered there.  In her hand she holds a Victory holding a garland, turning from the goddess.

Medal of Tarsus

A medal of Tarsus which suggest that Minerva, the goddess of arts and sciences, was revered there. In…

"Heathen Deities: Mercury"-Willson, 1859.

Mercury

"Heathen Deities: Mercury"-Willson, 1859.

A statue of Minerva, with a serpent depicted at the goddesses' feet.

Minerva

A statue of Minerva, with a serpent depicted at the goddesses' feet.

"On Minerva's side Varro tells us that Cecrops found an olive tree and a fountain, and that on consulting the oracle he was told that both Minerva and Neptune had a right to the guardianship of the city, and that the Senate decided in favor of the former; the name of the city was consequently changed from Poseidonus to Athens." —Bulfinch, 1897

Minerva

"On Minerva's side Varro tells us that Cecrops found an olive tree and a fountain, and that on consulting…

"Minerva." —Bulfinch, 1897

Minerva

"Minerva." —Bulfinch, 1897

"Heathen Deities: Minerva"-Willson, 1859.

Minerva

"Heathen Deities: Minerva"-Willson, 1859.

Minerva, with Aegis. From an ancient statue.

Minerva

Minerva, with Aegis. From an ancient statue.

"The name of a Roman goddess, identified by the later Graecising Romans with the Greek Athene, whom she greatly resembled, though, like all old Latin divinities, there was nothing anthropomorphic in what was told concerning her." — Chambers, 1881

Minerva

"The name of a Roman goddess, identified by the later Graecising Romans with the Greek Athene, whom…

A medal representing Jupiter sitting in a temple, conversing with Minerva and attended by Juno.

Minerva

A medal representing Jupiter sitting in a temple, conversing with Minerva and attended by Juno.

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which has suckled him in his infancy. The following represents Minerva with the aegis." — Anthon, 1891

Minerva with aegis

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which…

"Minerva is often represented on gems and coins, hurling the thunderbolts of Jove. The following cut, so representing her, is from a silver coin of Antigonus Gona as itself copied from an ancient statue." — Anthon, 1891

Coin of Minerva

"Minerva is often represented on gems and coins, hurling the thunderbolts of Jove. The following cut,…

"Heathen Deities: Neptune"-Willson, 1859.

Neptune

"Heathen Deities: Neptune"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

Pluto

"Heathen Deities: Pluto"-Willson, 1859.

A coin with a female figure of Ceres, holding ears of corn and the torch of Minerva.

Roman Coin

A coin with a female figure of Ceres, holding ears of corn and the torch of Minerva.

The Temple of Minerva in Athens.

Temple

The Temple of Minerva in Athens.

"Heathen Deities: Vesta"-Willson, 1859.

Vesta

"Heathen Deities: Vesta"-Willson, 1859.

"Heathen Deities: Vulcan"-Willson, 1859.

Vulcan

"Heathen Deities: Vulcan"-Willson, 1859.