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"Ancient Persian bag-pipe." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Bag-Pipe

"Ancient Persian bag-pipe." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Persian bas-relief, from Pesepolis." —D'Anvers, 1895

Persian bas-relief

"Persian bas-relief, from Pesepolis." —D'Anvers, 1895

The Persian bottle is made out of damaskeened (form of inlaying) metal.

Persian Bottle

The Persian bottle is made out of damaskeened (form of inlaying) metal.

This Persian bottle is made out of clay. It has an elongated neck with a rounded bottom and ring foot.

Persian Bottle

This Persian bottle is made out of clay. It has an elongated neck with a rounded bottom and ring foot.

"Brass Vase, pierced and gilt; 17th century Persian work." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Brass Vase

"Brass Vase, pierced and gilt; 17th century Persian work." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

An illustration of a Persian capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of a column or a pilaster. The capital projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the form of the latter (normally square) with the circular shaft of the column.

Persian Capital

An illustration of a Persian capital. In several traditions of architecture including Classical architecture,…

An illustration of a hieroglyphic depicting captive insurgents being brought before Darius.

Captive Insurgents Brought Before Darius

An illustration of a hieroglyphic depicting captive insurgents being brought before Darius.

Battle fought between two brothers, Cyrus the Younger and Arsaces. Cyrus managed to collect eleven thousand Greek soldiers, and went into battle for the Persian throne his elder brother had recently occupied.

Battle of Cunaxa

Battle fought between two brothers, Cyrus the Younger and Arsaces. Cyrus managed to collect eleven thousand…

"Here [Darius] was assassinated by Bessus, the satrap of Bactria. He was discovered by Alexander in a dying condition by the roadside. He asked for a cup of water, thanked the giver, and died. And with him died the Empire of the Persians."—Ridpath, 1885

Alexander Discovers the Body of Darius

"Here [Darius] was assassinated by Bessus, the satrap of Bactria. He was discovered by Alexander in…

"The Eagle is an emblem in heraldry, war, and legend. The eagle, borne upon a spear, was used by the Persians as a standard in the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401. The Romans used eagles of silver, or more rarely of gold, carried in the same way as standards. The Napoleon dynasty of France also adopted the eagle as their symbol. A double-headed eagle is the emblem of Russia, Austria, and Prussia."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

French Eagle

"The Eagle is an emblem in heraldry, war, and legend. The eagle, borne upon a spear, was used by the…

"The Eagle is an emblem in heraldry, war, and legend. The eagle, borne upon a spear, was used by the Persians as a standard in the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401. The Romans used eagles of silver, or more rarely of gold, carried in the same way as standards. The Napoleon dynasty of France also adopted the eagle as their symbol. A double-headed eagle is the emblem of Russia, Austria, and Prussia."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

German Eagle

"The Eagle is an emblem in heraldry, war, and legend. The eagle, borne upon a spear, was used by the…

The Persian enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored glass paste.

Persian Enamel Pattern

The Persian enamel pattern is a design that uses metal fillets that are filled with pulverized colored…

The Persian interlacement band was found on a metal vessel. It's an oriental style that exhibits greater variety of shapes with round forms.

Persian Interlacement Band

The Persian interlacement band was found on a metal vessel. It's an oriental style that exhibits greater…

An illustration of a man and woman talking.

Man and Woman Talking

An illustration of a man and woman talking.

An illustration of Mithradates VI on the face of a coin. Mithradates VI was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia (now in Turkey) from about 119 to 63 BC. Mithradates was a king of Greek and Persian origin, claimed descent from Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia.

Mithradates VI Coin

An illustration of Mithradates VI on the face of a coin. Mithradates VI was king of Pontus in northern…

Persepolitan architecture is noted for its use of wooden columns. Architects resorted to stone only when the largest cedars of Lebanon or teak trees of India did not fulfill the required sizes. Column bases and capitals were made of stone, even on wooden shafts, but the existence of wooden capitals is probable.

Column from Persepolis

Persepolitan architecture is noted for its use of wooden columns. Architects resorted to stone only…

An illustration of a Persian man.

Persian Man

An illustration of a Persian man.

An illustration of a Persian man holding a lamp and bowing.

Persian Man Bowing

An illustration of a Persian man holding a lamp and bowing.

The inner courtyard of the Persian Palace.

Persian Palace

The inner courtyard of the Persian Palace.

"Eagle, as a military standard, was adopted by the Romans, and even by nations preceding them in history. The Persians, in the time of Cyrus the Younger, bore an eagle on a spear as a standard. The Romans for some time used the eagle, the wolf, the boar, the horse, and the minotaur for standards, but afterwards abandoned the last four, and confined themselves to the first." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Roman Eagle

"Eagle, as a military standard, was adopted by the Romans, and even by nations preceding them in history.…

The persepolis rosette band is a persian pattern of a flower.

Persepolis Rosette Band

The persepolis rosette band is a persian pattern of a flower.

A soldier of the Persian army.

Persian Soldier

A soldier of the Persian army.

Soldiers of the Persian bodyguard. From frieze in the audience hall of Darius at Susa.

Persian Soldiers

Soldiers of the Persian bodyguard. From frieze in the audience hall of Darius at Susa.

An image depicting an ancient city of the Persian, Parthian, and Elamite empires of Iran.

Ancient Susa

An image depicting an ancient city of the Persian, Parthian, and Elamite empires of Iran.

"The temple of Diana was the chief glory of the city. The style was Grecian. The length of the ground-plan was four-hundred and twenty-five feet and the breadth two-hundred and twenty feet. The structure was thus four times as large as the Pantheon at Athens. The statue of the goddess was one of the finest works of art ever produced. It was wrought of ivory and gold, and was a marvel of costliness and beauty. The temple was decorated with sculptures by Praxiteles and one of the masterpieces of Apelles. A representation of the temple was stamped on the coins and medals of the city."—Ridpath, 1885

Temple of Diana at Ephesus

"The temple of Diana was the chief glory of the city. The style was Grecian. The length of the ground-plan…

An illustration of a woman introducing a man to her husband.

Woman Introducing Man

An illustration of a woman introducing a man to her husband.