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"Bear Butte, from the North." -Walcott, 1901

Bear Butte

"Bear Butte, from the North." -Walcott, 1901

"Deformation of shale by porphyry, Burlington Railroad, east of Whitetail Gulch." -Walcott, 1901

Shale Deformation

"Deformation of shale by porphyry, Burlington Railroad, east of Whitetail Gulch." -Walcott, 1901

This illustration shows exceptions to horizontal rock formations. When a river empties ino a lake or sea, the bottom of which, near its mouth, is more or less inclined, the deposits of detritus made by the river will for a while conform to the slope of the bottom.

Horizontal Rock

This illustration shows exceptions to horizontal rock formations. When a river empties ino a lake or…

"Conduit of Tilford laccolith, showing porphyry (P) breaking across limestone (L)." -Walcott, 1901

Laccolith

"Conduit of Tilford laccolith, showing porphyry (P) breaking across limestone (L)." -Walcott, 1901

"Homestake open cut, sills in Cambrian, showing Algonkian schist below." -Walcott, 1901

Rock Mining

"Homestake open cut, sills in Cambrian, showing Algonkian schist below." -Walcott, 1901

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the shores of Lake Erie.

New York Rock Formation

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the…