ClipArt ETC
"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Flowers being visited by an insect for nectar. B, longitudinal section, showing the insect's proboscis extended down the spur toward the nectar-gland; C, insect with a mass of pollen (p), rubbed off from anthers onto the dorsal hairs of the thorax, during successive visits." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax with Insect

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Flowers being visited by an insect for nectar. B, longitudinal section,…

"Sections of flowers of the toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). A, front view; a, anthers; s, stigma; n, nectar-gland. B, side view; o, ovary." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax

"Sections of flowers of the toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). A, front view; a, anthers; s, stigma; n, nectar-gland.…

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Inflorescence, showing normal (spurred) flowers, and several abnormal flowers without spurs." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Inflorescence, showing normal (spurred) flowers, and several abnormal…

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Abnormal flowers (pelories), having five or more spurs. Normal, one-spurred buds are shown in A." -Gager, 1916

Common Toadflax

"Toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). Abnormal flowers (pelories), having five or more spurs. Normal, one-spurred…