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A diagram showing the order of the universe as expounded by Ptolemy. Its basic concept surmises that the Earth is the center of our universe. This diagram was widely accepted as fact for fourteen centuries until it was discredited.

Spheres of the Ptolemaic System

A diagram showing the order of the universe as expounded by Ptolemy. Its basic concept surmises that…

"The constellation which is prominent in early summer in the skies of the southern United States (where the whole of the magnificent tail clears the horizon), contains the first magnitude red star Antares and several of the second magnitude. With the Chaldeans and Greeks is extended over one sixth of the planetary circle, the scorpion being represented with exaggerated claw embracing a circular space where Libra is now placed." —Whitney, 1889

The Scorpio Constellation, with Libra

"The constellation which is prominent in early summer in the skies of the southern United States (where…

"One standing at O will only see the half of the Sky which is above the circle NESW. The whole sky will seem to be turning about the line POP'; the Stars will seem to be moving along the paths EQW, BAB', etc. Stars so near the North Pole that they are inside the dark area KPN will never set."—The Foundation Library, 1911

The Sphere of the Sky

"One standing at O will only see the half of the Sky which is above the circle NESW. The whole sky will…