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A dormant volcanic cone in Turkey. It is approximately 25 miles in diameter.

Mount Ararat

A dormant volcanic cone in Turkey. It is approximately 25 miles in diameter.

Basalt, showing typical diabasic structure of lath-shaped crystals of plagioclase.

Basalt

Basalt, showing typical diabasic structure of lath-shaped crystals of plagioclase.

General view, in part schematic, of the "Bassin du Puy" and the "Chaine du Velay" or "Chaine du Deves," Central France.

Bassin du Puy

General view, in part schematic, of the "Bassin du Puy" and the "Chaine du Velay" or "Chaine du Deves,"…

Bronzite diabase, showing lath-shaped plagioclase crystals.

Bronzite Diabase

Bronzite diabase, showing lath-shaped plagioclase crystals.

Section of the Cantal district of France, showing the reconstruction of the old volcano with its succession of lava flows.

Cantal District of France

Section of the Cantal district of France, showing the reconstruction of the old volcano with its succession…

Section of Crater Lake and its rim, with the probable outline of Mount Mazama.

Crater Lake

Section of Crater Lake and its rim, with the probable outline of Mount Mazama.

Profile section of Crater Lake National Park.

Crater Lake National Park

Profile section of Crater Lake National Park.

Diagrammatic section through the Freiburg region showing the former and present topography and the extensive erosion.

Freiburg Region

Diagrammatic section through the Freiburg region showing the former and present topography and the extensive…

Grand Puy of Sarcoui, composed of trachyte and rising between two breached scoria cones. Located in Auvergne, France.

Grand Puy of Sarcoui

Grand Puy of Sarcoui, composed of trachyte and rising between two breached scoria cones. Located in…

Bird's eye view of the Gulf of Santorin, during the volcanic eruption of February 1866.

Gulf of Santorin

Bird's eye view of the Gulf of Santorin, during the volcanic eruption of February 1866.

Section of the Kammerbuhl, showing the probable former outline of the volcano and old volcanic plug.

Kammerbuhl

Section of the Kammerbuhl, showing the probable former outline of the volcano and old volcanic plug.

A lithophysa (plural lithophysae) is a small cavity found in felsic volcanic rocks believed to be caused by expanding gases in tuffs before solidification.

Lithophysa

A lithophysa (plural lithophysae) is a small cavity found in felsic volcanic rocks believed to be caused…

Ideal section through a Maar of the Eifel showing the old crater funnel and pipe.

Maar of the Eifel

Ideal section through a Maar of the Eifel showing the old crater funnel and pipe.

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the old volcano.

Mont Dore, France

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the…

The parts of a volcano illustrated with Mount Vesuvius: "a, the cone; b, summit cinder-cone; c, Somma, part of former outline of crater; d, Hermitage (now Observatory); e, Portici; f, Herculaneum; g, Torre del Greco." -Dana, 1883

Mount Vesuvius

The parts of a volcano illustrated with Mount Vesuvius: "a, the cone; b, summit cinder-cone; c, Somma,…

View of Mt. Stromboli from the northwest.

Mt. Stromboli

View of Mt. Stromboli from the northwest.

Bay of Naples with Vesuvius in distance

Bay of Naples

Bay of Naples with Vesuvius in distance

Volcanic sills - the Palisades of Hudson.

Palisades of Hudson

Volcanic sills - the Palisades of Hudson.

"Excavating a house at Pompeii from eruption of Vesuvius, which buried the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii."—Colby, 1899

Pompeii

"Excavating a house at Pompeii from eruption of Vesuvius, which buried the cities of Herculaneum and…

Volcanoes of the great Rift Valley of East Africa.

Rift Valley

Volcanoes of the great Rift Valley of East Africa.

Trachyte is an igneous, volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture.

Trachyte-phonolite

Trachyte is an igneous, volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture.

View of a part of the Val-del-Bove with parasitic cones and steep lava streams.

Val-del-Bove

View of a part of the Val-del-Bove with parasitic cones and steep lava streams.

An experimental illustration of the mode of formation of volcanic blister cones composed of viscid lavas.

Volcanic Blister Cone

An experimental illustration of the mode of formation of volcanic blister cones composed of viscid lavas.

General view, in part schematic, of the volcanic massif of the Mezenc.

Volcanic Massif of the Mezenc

General view, in part schematic, of the volcanic massif of the Mezenc.

Section of volcanic plug (basalt) in chalk. Coast of Antrim, Ireland.

Volcanic Plug

Section of volcanic plug (basalt) in chalk. Coast of Antrim, Ireland.

An opening in the surface of the earth surrounded by an accumulation of ejected matter, forming a hill or mountain.

Volcano

An opening in the surface of the earth surrounded by an accumulation of ejected matter, forming a hill…

Cone sections of various types of volcanoes. 1. Vesuvius 2. Lake Laach 3. Rocca Monfina 4. Lago Bracciano 5. Krakatoa 6. Peak of Teneriffe 7. Mauna Loa

Cone Sections of Volcanoes

Cone sections of various types of volcanoes. 1. Vesuvius 2. Lake Laach 3. Rocca Monfina 4. Lago Bracciano…

"The internal structure of many cones has been laid bare by prolonged erosion after the volcano has become extinct." — Hinman, 1888

Section of a volcano

"The internal structure of many cones has been laid bare by prolonged erosion after the volcano has…