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An illustration of the army insignia.

Army Insignia

An illustration of the army insignia.

This is a military insignia for "the junior order of moose."

Military Badge

This is a military insignia for "the junior order of moose."

"The collar, of gold, in weight thirty ounces, is composed of nine imperial crowns, and eight groups of rose, thistle, and shamrock, issuing from a sceptre, and enamelled proper, all linked together with seventeen knots enamelled ar., and having The Badge as a pendant."—Aveling, 1891

Insignia of the Order of the Bath

"The collar, of gold, in weight thirty ounces, is composed of nine imperial crowns, and eight groups…

An illustration showing an insignia for the French-English War.

French-English War

An illustration showing an insignia for the French-English War.

"GARTER. The insignia of the most noble order of the knights of the garter. It is formed of blue velvet edged with gold wire, and lined with white satin; on the velvet is embroidered the motto of the order." -Hall, 1862

Garter

"GARTER. The insignia of the most noble order of the knights of the garter. It is formed of blue velvet…

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows and an olive branch.

Great Seal of the United States

The Great Seal of the United States with "E. Pluribus Unum" and a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows…

An illustration of the coat of arms of the Hudson Bay Company.

Coat of Arms of the Hudson Bay Company

An illustration of the coat of arms of the Hudson Bay Company.

"This Order was instituted by Her Majesty the Queen, in the year 1861, for bestowing honor upon the people of her Indian Empire. The Order consists of the Sovereign, a Grand Master, always to be Governor-General of India, and twenty-five Knights, with such Honorary Knights as the Crown may appoint. The Knights are to include both Naval, Military, and Civil officers, and natives of India."—Aveling, 1891

Insignia of the Order of the Star of India

"This Order was instituted by Her Majesty the Queen, in the year 1861, for bestowing honor upon the…

The Kearny Cross was a military decoration of the United States Army, which was first established in 1862 during the opening year of the American Civil War. The original decoration was known as the Kearny Medal and was adopted as an unofficial medal by the officers of the 1st Division, 3rd Corps, of the Union Army of the Potomac, which had served under Major General Philip Kearny.

Kearny Cross

The Kearny Cross was a military decoration of the United States Army, which was first established in…

The official seal of Sir Thomas Lucy, a magistrate who persecuted recusant Catholic families. The seal consists of three white luces interlaced.

Seal of Sir Thomas Lucy

The official seal of Sir Thomas Lucy, a magistrate who persecuted recusant Catholic families. The seal…

An illustration of a man standing in front of the Army insignia.

Military Man with Army Insignia

An illustration of a man standing in front of the Army insignia.

An illustration of the Order of the Garter Star. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in any of the Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the honors system in the United Kingdom. Membership in the order is limited to the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and no more than twenty-four members, or Companions; the order also comprises Supernumerary knights and ladies (e.g., members of the British Royal Family and foreign monarchs).

Order of the Garter Star

An illustration of the Order of the Garter Star. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry,…

An illustration of the Order of the Garder's collar and George. The collar is an accessory worn around the neck, over the mantle. Like the mantle, it was introduced in the 15th and 16th centuries. Made of pure gold, it weighs 30 troy ounces (0.933 kg). The collar is composed of gold knots alternating with enamelled medallions showing a rose encircled by the Garter. During King Henry VII's reign, each garter surrounded two roses—one red and one white—but he changed the design such that each garter encircled only one red rose. The George, which is worn suspended from the collar, is a colorfully enameled three-dimensional figure of St George the Martyr on horseback slaying a dragon.

Order of the Garter's Collar and George

An illustration of the Order of the Garder's collar and George. The collar is an accessory worn around…

An illustration of the Order of the Garder's garter. The Garter is worn on ceremonial occasions around the left calf by knights and around the left arm by ladies, and is depicted on several insignia. The Garter is a buckled dark-blue (originally light-blue) velvet strap, and bears the motto in gold letters. The garters of Stranger Knights and Ladies were once set with several jewels.

Order of the Garter's Garter

An illustration of the Order of the Garder's garter. The Garter is worn on ceremonial occasions around…

"The ribbon, of sky-blue, four inches in width, is worn over the right shoulder, and sustains the badge when the collar is not worn."—Aveling, 1891

Insignia of the Order of St. Patrick

"The ribbon, of sky-blue, four inches in width, is worn over the right shoulder, and sustains the badge…

Staffs carried by Roman legions to show who they were and what rank in the army they held.

Roman Standards

Staffs carried by Roman legions to show who they were and what rank in the army they held.

In 1776 the Board of War and Ordnance was created for issuing supplies to troops in the field, and the first Ordnance magazine was established at Carlisle, Pennsylvania the following year. An armory and arsenal at Springfield, Massachusetts (1777-1968) was also established along with later armories such as Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (1799-1861), and Watertown, Massachusetts (1816-1968).

Seal of the Board of War and Ordnance

In 1776 the Board of War and Ordnance was created for issuing supplies to troops in the field, and the…

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental Congress executed under the direction of Thomas Jefferson. The unique silver medal was designed by French medallic artists Du Pre and De Vivier.

Silver Medal Awarded to William Washington, Back

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental…

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental Congress executed under the direction of Thomas Jefferson. The unique silver medal was designed by French medallic artists Du Pre and De Vivier.

Silver Medal Awarded to William Washington, Front

For his valor and victory at Cowpens, Washington received a silver medal awarded by the Continental…

An illustration of army sleeve insignia placement.

Sleeve Insignia Placement

An illustration of army sleeve insignia placement.

"The Jewel or Badge, attached to the collar, or worn depending from a broad dark green ribbon which crosses the left shoulder, is formed of a figure of St. Andrew, of gold enamelled, his surcoat purpure, and his mantle vert, bearing before him his own cross saltire, the whole being irradiated with golden rays, and surrounded by an oval bearing the motto, 'nemo me impune lacessit.''"—Aveling, 1891

Insignia of the Order of the Thistle

"The Jewel or Badge, attached to the collar, or worn depending from a broad dark green ribbon which…

The seal of the War Office of the United States of America. The term "War Office" used during the Revolution, and for many years afterward, was associated with the Headquarters of the Army.

United States of America War Office

The seal of the War Office of the United States of America. The term "War Office" used during the Revolution,…

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest (lion and crown) in the center and below it a scroll inscribed 'For Valour.'"—Webster, 1920

The Victoria Cross

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest…

The coat of arms of George Washington, President of the United States of America from 1789 to 1797, were first used to identify the family in the twelfth century, when one of George Washington's ancestors took possession of Washington Old Hall, then in County Durham, in north-east England.

Washington Arms

The coat of arms of George Washington, President of the United States of America from 1789 to 1797,…

The military coat of arms for William, Prince of Orange.

Coat of Arms of William, Prince of Orange

The military coat of arms for William, Prince of Orange.

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew words "Urim" and "Thummim" on the Yale seal.

Seal of Yale University

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as…