"A, side view of American club-skate; B, bottom of the skate with the runner removed. a, runner; b, heel-plate; c, sole-plate; d, riveting by which the runner is attached to the heel- and sole-plates; e, e, clamps which grasp the sole when they are drawn rearward by the action of the curved slots f upon pins fixed firmly in the sole plate. Both these clamps are pivoted at their rear extremities to a bar g, connected by a winged adjusting screw h, to a collar i, which is pivoted to the heel-clamp j; k, spur which engages the front part of the heel when the heel-clamp is drawn foward; l, toggle-lever, by which the sole-clamps are drawn rear-ward and the heel-clamp forward simultaneously. In B this lever is shown turned out; to clamp the skate to the shoe, it is pressed inward under the sole out of sight." —Whitney, 1889

American Club Ice Skate - View from Side and Bottom

"A, side view of American club-skate; B, bottom of the skate with the runner removed. a, runner; b,…

Muscles of the sole of the foot. First layer.

First Layer of the Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

Muscles of the sole of the foot. First layer.

Muscles of the sole of the foot. Second layer.

Second Layer of the Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

Muscles of the sole of the foot. Second layer.

Muscles of the sole of the foot. Third layer.

Third Layer of the Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

Muscles of the sole of the foot. Third layer.

An extra strip of material put inside a shoe for comfort or protection.

Shoe Insole

An extra strip of material put inside a shoe for comfort or protection.

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather, or wood, bound on the foot by thongs. It was undoubtedly the custom to take off the sandals on holy ground, in the act of worship, and in the presence of a superior. This is still the well-known custom of the East– an Oriental taking off his shoe in case in which a European would remove his hat."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sandal

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather,…

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather, or wood, bound on the foot by thongs. It was undoubtedly the custom to take off the sandals on holy ground, in the act of worship, and in the presence of a superior. This is still the well-known custom of the East– an Oriental taking off his shoe in case in which a European would remove his hat."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sandal

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather,…

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather, or wood, bound on the foot by thongs. It was undoubtedly the custom to take off the sandals on holy ground, in the act of worship, and in the presence of a superior. This is still the well-known custom of the East– an Oriental taking off his shoe in case in which a European would remove his hat."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sandal

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather,…

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather, or wood, bound on the foot by thongs. It was undoubtedly the custom to take off the sandals on holy ground, in the act of worship, and in the presence of a superior. This is still the well-known custom of the East– an Oriental taking off his shoe in case in which a European would remove his hat."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sandal

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather,…

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather, or wood, bound on the foot by thongs. It was undoubtedly the custom to take off the sandals on holy ground, in the act of worship, and in the presence of a superior. This is still the well-known custom of the East– an Oriental taking off his shoe in case in which a European would remove his hat."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sandal

"The Sandal is a protection for the foot, worn in ancient times. It was usually a sole of hide, leather,…

"A sensible shoe." — Ritchie, 1918

Shoe

"A sensible shoe." — Ritchie, 1918

A finished shoe.

Shoe

A finished shoe.

A diagram showing the manufacture of a shoe.

Manufacture of a shoe

A diagram showing the manufacture of a shoe.

The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials.

Wooden Soles for Shoes

The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual…

"Sole (Solea vulgaris) is a marine fish belonging to the flat fishes, of an oblong or oval form. These fish abound on all the coasts of Europe, except the most N. where the bottom is sandy. They furnish a whole-some and delicious article of food. The name is given in America to flounders, somewhat resembling the true sole in form. The sole is at its worst from February to the end of March, this being the spawning season."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sole

"Sole (Solea vulgaris) is a marine fish belonging to the flat fishes, of an oblong or oval form. These…

"Ten to twenty inches long, and weighing from on to ten pounds; it inhabits sandy shores in deep water, being taken by the trawl-net, and not by the hook." — Goodrich, 1859

Common Sole

"Ten to twenty inches long, and weighing from on to ten pounds; it inhabits sandy shores in deep water,…

"Seldom exceeds four or five inches in length. Is is sometimes called the <em>Scald-Fish</em>.

Smooth Sole

"Seldom exceeds four or five inches in length. Is is sometimes called the Scald-Fish.