Skeleton of a Horse

The skeleton of a horse. Axial Skeleton. The Skull. Cranial Bones: a, occipital, 1; b, wormian, 1; c, parietal, 2; d, frontal, 2; e, temporal, 2; sphenoid, 1; ethmoid, 1; auditory ossicles, 8. Facial bones: h, nasal, 2; g, lachrymal, 2; f, malar, 2; i, superior maxilla, 2; k, premaxila, 2; palatine, 2; pterygoid, 2; vomer, 1; tubinals, 4; l, inferior maxilla; 1; hyoid (segments), 5. Teeth: m, incisors, 12; n, canines, 4; o, molars, 24. The trunk: p-v, cervical vertebrae, 7; w, dorsal vertebrae, 18; x, lumbar vertebrae, 6; y, sacrum, 1; z, coccygeal vertebrae (variable), 18, d, d, ribs, 36; sternum (6-7 sternebrae), 7; *,coastal cartilages. Appendicular Skeleton. Pectoral Limb: e’, scapula, 2; f’, humerus, 2; g’, radius, 2; h’, ulna, 2. Carpus-i’, trapesium, 2; k’, cuneiform, 2; l’, lunar, 2; m’, scaphoid, 2; n’, unciform, 2; o’, magnum, 2; p’, trapezoid, 2; q’, pisiform, 2. Metacarpus-r’, large bone, 2; s’, small bone, 4. Digits- u’, proximal phalanges, 2; v, median phalanges; w’, distil phalanges, 2; t’, large sesamoids, 4; small sesamoids, 2. Pelvic Limbs: Pelvis- b’, ilium, 2; d’ ischium, 2; c’, pubis, 2. The limb- y’, femur, 2; z’, patella, 2; a’, tibia, 2; b’, fibula, 2. Tarsus- c’, calcaneum, 2; d’, astragalus, 2; e’. cuboid, 2; f’, cuneiforme magnum, 2; g’, cuneiforme medium, 2; h", cuneiforme parvum, 2. Metatarsus: large bone, 2; small bone, 4. Digit: proximal phalanges, 2; median phalanges, 2; distal phalanges, 2; large sesamoids, 4; small sesamoids, 2.

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