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Opened corolla of a prunella.

Prunella flower

Opened corolla of a prunella.

<em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, a member of the genus senecio.

Senecio

Senecio vulgaris, a member of the genus senecio.

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Senecio vulgaris flower

Flower of senecio vulgaris.

Flower head of senecio vulgaris.

Flower head

Flower head of senecio vulgaris.

Petal of a shepherd's purse.

Petal of Shepherd's Purse

Petal of a shepherd's purse.

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves, and bearing whorled spikes of greenish-red flowers in summer."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Sorrel

"The common sorrel is a meadow plant, slender in habit, with halberd-shaped, juicy, acid flavored leaves,…

A female sorrel flower spike.

Sorrel flower

A female sorrel flower spike.

A female sorrel flower.

Female sorrel flower

A female sorrel flower.

A male sorrel flower.

Male sorrel flower

A male sorrel flower.

"The common spindle tree (<em>Euonymus europaeus</em>) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate leaves, and in late spring clusters of small greenish flowers, followed by fruits which become beautifully rose colored."—Finley, 1917

Spindle Tree

"The common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate…

Flower of the spindle tree.

Spindle Tree Flower

Flower of the spindle tree.

A single flower of stachys sylvatica.

Flower of stachys sylvatica

A single flower of stachys sylvatica.

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Star of Bethlehem

"Star of Bethlehem, or Ornithogalum, a genus of bulbous plants belonging to the order Liliacae."—Finley,…

Flower of the sea lavender.

Flower of the sea lavender

Flower of the sea lavender.

Section of a flower from a sea lavender.

Section of sea lavender flower

Section of a flower from a sea lavender.

"A former genus of herbaceous plants belonging to the order Caryophylacae, and now included in the genus Alsine."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Greater stitchwort

"A former genus of herbaceous plants belonging to the order Caryophylacae, and now included in the genus…

"About two feet away from an air thermometer, place an inverted flower pot. Midway between the two, place a board or glass screen that reaches from the table to a height of several inches above teh bulb of the air theremometer. Upon the flower pot, place a very hot brick. Notice that the heat of the brick has little effect upon the thermometer. Then hold a sheet of tin plate over the screen so that energy radianted obliquely upward from the brick may be reflected obliquely downward toward the thermometer. By properly adjusting the position of the reflector, the thermometer may be quickly affected." -Avery 1895

Heat Reflection

"About two feet away from an air thermometer, place an inverted flower pot. Midway between the two,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - sometimes bristle-pointed. Base - slightly heart-shaped or rounded. Leaf - usually two to three inches long, somewhat downy when young, afterward very smooth above and below. Bark - of branches and twigs usually purplish-brown and very smooth. Flowers - large, white, in long and loose clusters at the ends of the branchlets; appearing before the leaves. April, May. Fruit - berry-like, round, purplish, sweet, and edible. June. Found - in woods and along streams; common at the North; rare in the South. General Information - A small tree, ten to thirty feet high, or in some of its numerous forms reduced to a low shrub; noticeable and showy in early spring because of its flowers. The variety A. C. oblongifolia, T. and G., differs somewhat from the above in the dimensions of the flowers and flower clusters, etc. The name "shad-bush" is given because the trees blossom about the time that the shad "run".

Genus Amelanchier, Medik (June-berry)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape,…

Leaves - simple; alternate; finely and sharply toothed. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - long, taper-pointed. Base - pointed or slightly rounded. Leaf/Stem - short and woolly. Leaf - one and a half to four inches long; commonest length about two inches; downy when young, becoming smooth excepting on the upper side of the mid-rib, which is usually woolly. Bark - of trunk, dark and rough; branches very brittle at the base and yellowish; twigs tough and purplish or yellow. Found - in Southern New Brunswick and Ontario, and from Northern Vermont southward. Common on low ground, especially in New York and Pennsylvania. General Information - A small tree, fifteen to twenty feet high; quite variable in the style of its foliage; the latest to flower, in May.

Genus Salix, L. (Willow)

Leaves - simple; alternate; finely and sharply toothed. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - long, taper-pointed.…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, often taper-pointed. Base - pointed and usually slightly unequal. Leaf/Stem - short (about one half inch). Leaf - three to five inches long; smooth above; pale and nearly smooth beneath; with the whitish ribs very distinct and curved. Bark - of trunk, blackish and rough, with short, broken ridges. The bark, especially of the roots, is very bitter and is used as a tonic. Flowers - The real flowers are greenish-yellow, in a small rounded bunch; but this bunch is surrounded by four large, petal-like leaves, white and often tinged with pink, more than an inch in length, reverse egg-shaped, and ending in a hard, abruptly turned point. The appearance is of a single large flower. The tree blossoms in May before the leaves are fully set. Fruit - The "Flower" is succeeded by a bunch of oval berries that turn bright red as they ripen, making the tree in the autumn, with its richly changing foliage, nearly as attractive as in the spring. Found - in rich woods, from New England to Minnesota, and southward to Florida and Texas. It is very common, especially at the South. General Information - A finely shaped, rather flat-branching tree, usually twelve to thirty feet high, but dwindling, northward, to the dimensions of a shrub; one of the most ornamental of all our native flowering trees. Its character throughout the extent of its range would seem to warrant the recognition of its blossom as the "national flower." Cornus, from a Greek word meaning horn, because of the hardness of the wood.

Flowering Dogwood

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge entire. Outline - egg-shape, or often broad oval, or reverse egg-shape.…

A blue flag iris.

Iris

A blue flag iris.

A bulbous plant with a fragrant flower.

Jonquils

A bulbous plant with a fragrant flower.

The parts of the opium poppy from which the drug is made from the poppy's juice. "a, whole plant; b, flower and leaf; c, ripe capsule; d, seed and its section, enlarged." -Foster, 1921

Opium poppy

The parts of the opium poppy from which the drug is made from the poppy's juice. "a, whole plant; b,…

A flowering plant belonging to a family of weeds.

Greater Plantain

A flowering plant belonging to a family of weeds.

Daffodils with women's faces.

Daffodil Face

Daffodils with women's faces.

Little fairies and a fairy princess in flowers.

Fairies

Little fairies and a fairy princess in flowers.

"Enlarged section of a Bartlett pear flower: st, style; sp, sepal; f, filament; a, anther; s, stigma; p, petal; d, disk; ov, ovule." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Flower

"Enlarged section of a Bartlett pear flower: st, style; sp, sepal; f, filament; a, anther; s, stigma;…

"Bud of the Bartlett pear, with petals removed, showing the incurved stamens." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Bud

"Bud of the Bartlett pear, with petals removed, showing the incurved stamens." -Department of Agriculture,…

The flower of the Bartlett pear.

Bartlett Pear Flower

The flower of the Bartlett pear.

"Emasculated bud of the Bartlett pear, showing only the five pistils." Department of Agriculture, 1899

Bartlett Pear Bud

"Emasculated bud of the Bartlett pear, showing only the five pistils." Department of Agriculture, 1899

A section of the apple blossom.

Apple Blossom

A section of the apple blossom.

The leaves of the common rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum.

Rose Germanium

The leaves of the common rose geranium, Pelargonium capitatum.

The leaves of the skeleton-leaved geranium, Pelargonium radula.

Skeleton-Leaved Germanium

The leaves of the skeleton-leaved geranium, Pelargonium radula.

"Wild plant of the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): a, b, calyxes of flowers, the chief source of the oil." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Lavender

"Wild plant of the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): a, b, calyxes of flowers, the chief source…

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Redfield's Grass

"Redfield's grass (Redfieldia flexuosa): a, spikelet; b, floret; c, flower." -Department of Agriculture,…

"Shad scale (Atriplex canescens): a, fruit; b, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

Shad Scale

"Shad scale (Atriplex canescens): a, fruit; b, flower." -Department of Agriculture, 1899

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural condition on the right, and plasmolyzed by salt solution on the left; g, space left by the recedence of the cytoplasm from the wall; the plasma membrane can now be seen as a delicate membrane bounding the shrunken protoplast." -Stevens, 1916

T. Zebrina Cell

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural…

Two species of the spiderwort family: left, Virginia day flower (Commelina virginica); right, spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana).

Spiderworts

Two species of the spiderwort family: left, Virginia day flower (Commelina virginica); right, spiderwort…

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, carrion flower (Smilax herbacea); right, green brier (Smilax rotundifolia).

S. Herbacea and S. Rotundifolia

Two species of the lily family (Liliaceae): left, carrion flower (Smilax herbacea); right, green brier…

Some species of the lily family (Liliaceae): top, nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum); left, erect flower of Trillium recurvatum; right, dwarf white trillium (Trillium nivale).

Trillium Lilies

Some species of the lily family (Liliaceae): top, nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum); left, erect flower…

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Melanthium virginicum.

M. Virginicum

Of the lily family (Liliaceae), Melanthium virginicum.

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), moccasin flower or Cypripedium acaule.

Moccasin Flower

Of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), moccasin flower or Cypripedium acaule.

Of the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), the Virginia snakeroot or Aristolochia serpentaria and the flower of the Dutchman's pipe or Aristolochia macrophylla.

Virginia Snakeroot

Of the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), the Virginia snakeroot or Aristolochia serpentaria and the…

Of the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae), the curled dock or Rumex crispus. Also shown are the winged seeds of the curled dock and the patience dock (Rumex Patientia).

Curled Dock

Of the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae), the curled dock or Rumex crispus. Also shown are the winged…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leather flower or Clematis Viorna.

Leather Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leather flower or Clematis Viorna.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the pasque flower or Anemone patens var. Wolfgangiana.

Pasque Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the pasque flower or Anemone patens var. Wolfgangiana.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the Canadian Anemone or Anemone Canadensis.

Canadian Anemone

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the Canadian Anemone or Anemone Canadensis.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae): top, wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia); middle, rue anemone (Anemonella thalictrroides); bottom, liverwort (Hepatica triloba).

Wood Anemone, Rue Anemone, and Liverwort

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae): top, wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia); middle, rue anemone…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leaf and flower (showing reflexed sepals) of the bulbous buttercup or Ranunculus bulbosus.

Bulbous Buttercup

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the leaf and flower (showing reflexed sepals) of the bulbous…

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the red baneberry or Actaea rubra.

Red Baneberry Flower

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the red baneberry or Actaea rubra.

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the white baneberry or Actaea alba.

White Baneberry

Of the crowfoot family (Ranunculaceae), the flower of the white baneberry or Actaea alba.

Of the pulse family (Leguminosae), the flower of the beach pea or Lathyrus maritimus.

Beach Pea Flower

Of the pulse family (Leguminosae), the flower of the beach pea or Lathyrus maritimus.

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the leaf and flower of the marsh mallow or Althaea officinalis.

Marsh Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the leaf and flower of the marsh mallow or Althaea officinalis.

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the flower of the swamp rose-mallow or Hibiscus Moscheutos.

Swamp Rose-Mallow

Of the mallow family (Malvaceae), the flower of the swamp rose-mallow or Hibiscus Moscheutos.

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

H. Tomentosa

Of the rock-rose family (Cistaceae), the plant and flower of Hudsonia tomentosa.

A vase of flowers.

Flower Vase

A vase of flowers.

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

Blue Flag

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

Yellow Lady's Slipper

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

Spotted Wintergreen

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

Snakehead

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.