A head of beardless wheat.

Beardless Wheat

A head of beardless wheat.

Corn plants with the surface of the soil "laying by" in accordance to the Williamson Plan.

Corn Plant

Corn plants with the surface of the soil "laying by" in accordance to the Williamson Plan.

Cotton plant in the budding stage.

Cotton Plant

Cotton plant in the budding stage.

A Hinds chain cultivator that is used for tillage and drawing fallen squares to water furrow.

Hinds Chain Cultivator

A Hinds chain cultivator that is used for tillage and drawing fallen squares to water furrow.

Plows used to dig sweet potatoes. "The long vines must be first disposed of. They are usually pulled by running a plow on each side of the row. This work is done much more satisfactorily if the line of plants be barred off with a turn-plow, to the beam of which is attached a rolling coulter, which cuts the vines close to the row." —Dugger 1911

Plows for Sweet Potato Harvesting

Plows used to dig sweet potatoes. "The long vines must be first disposed of. They are usually pulled…

A coordinate planes with the quadrants labeled showing which value (x or y) is positive or negative.

Coordinate Plane

A coordinate planes with the quadrants labeled showing which value (x or y) is positive or negative.

Equilateral triangles set up along a coordinate plane.

Equilateral Triangles

Equilateral triangles set up along a coordinate plane.

Inspecting a cartridge drawing die with magnifying glass.

Inspecting Die

Inspecting a cartridge drawing die with magnifying glass.

A mechanical drawing board.

Drawing Board

A mechanical drawing board.

A mechanical drawing board with t-square.

Drawing Board

A mechanical drawing board with t-square.

Mechanical drawing triangle.

Drawing Triangle

Mechanical drawing triangle.

Mechanical drawing triangle.

Drawing Triangle

Mechanical drawing triangle.

Drawing board with t-square and two triangles.

Drawing Board and Triangles

Drawing board with t-square and two triangles.

Using a drawing board and pairs of triangles to draw parallel lines.

Drawing Parallel Lines

Using a drawing board and pairs of triangles to draw parallel lines.

Drawing perpendicular lines using a drawing board and pairs of triangles.

Mechanical Drawing Exercise

Drawing perpendicular lines using a drawing board and pairs of triangles.

A hand holds and employs a drafting compass, a device used to create precise arcs and circles in mechanical drawing.

Hand Holding a Drafting Compass

A hand holds and employs a drafting compass, a device used to create precise arcs and circles in mechanical…

A compass used to draw precise circles and arcs in mechanical drawing.

Drafting Compass

A compass used to draw precise circles and arcs in mechanical drawing.

Sharpened drawing pencil for mechanical drawings.

Drawing Pencil

Sharpened drawing pencil for mechanical drawings.

A hand demonstrating inking parallel lines using a t-square and a drafting board.

Hand Drawing

A hand demonstrating inking parallel lines using a t-square and a drafting board.

Side view of a hand drawing on a mechanical drawing board.

Hand Drawing

Side view of a hand drawing on a mechanical drawing board.

Drawing of three sunflowers arranged for use as top right corner decoration.

Sunflower Corner Motif, Right

Drawing of three sunflowers arranged for use as top right corner decoration.

A drawing of one section of the graffiti found on the house of Dioscuri in Pompeii. A gladiator descends a set of stairs and holds a palm leaf in his left hand. There is a second palm leaf, alone, behind the gladiator. Under the man the text reads, "Campani victoria una cum Nucerinis peristis", which translates as "Campanians, you perished together with the Nucerians in victory". The text refers to a riot that took place in the Pompeiian amphitheater in AD 59.

Pompeii Graffiti from the House of Dioscuri - Gladiator Holding Palm Leaf

A drawing of one section of the graffiti found on the house of Dioscuri in Pompeii. A gladiator descends…

An illustration of a Pompeiian wall painting of school materials, including scrolls, books, writing utensils, coins, and purses. The illustration is divided into six sections.

Roman School Materials - Based on a Wall Painting from Pompeii

An illustration of a Pompeiian wall painting of school materials, including scrolls, books, writing…

Illustration of a Hun warrior riding on horseback, his mouth open as if to scream. The warrior has a shield, ax, and javelin or spear. He also has a whip tied to his wrist. He is wearing a fur cap and some sort of animal pelt. Heads hang from the horse's garb and the horse is in full gallop. This is a detail taken from a larger drawing by A. De Neuville in the 19th century. The full drawing portrays this Hun among others riding over bound women and children. It is meant to portray them as barbarians.

Hun Warrior on Horseback in Battle

Illustration of a Hun warrior riding on horseback, his mouth open as if to scream. The warrior has a…

Illustration of a drawing in <I>The Harley Psalter</I>, an illuminated manuscript of the second and third decades of the 11th century. Two Anglo-Saxon warriors ride horseback wielding an axe and long spear or javelin. Both horses are rearing up, their front legs off the ground. Both weapons are raised. The warrior in front has dark hair while the hair of the one behind appears to be lighter-colored.

Two Anglo-Saxon Warriors on Horseback

Illustration of a drawing in The Harley Psalter, an illuminated manuscript of the second and third decades…

Two men thresh a sheaf of wheat using flails. The flails appear to be made from two sticks joined together at a bendable joint. The men are beating the grain. One man's flail is in the air, while the other man's flail hits the bundle of wheat. Both are wearing short, belted tunics and knee length pants. The original drawing is from a 14th century psalter called "The Luttrell Psalter".

Threshing Wheat with Flails in the 14th Century

Two men thresh a sheaf of wheat using flails. The flails appear to be made from two sticks joined together…

Illustration of a town in Germany during the late Middle Ages, or medieval period. The town sits on the Main River, which is labeled "Moenus". A bridge spans the river and a fortress, possibly Fortress Marienberg sits on a hill in the right background. The majority of the city sprawls out over the left portion of the drawing. Low unoccupied hills are visibly in the background

A German Town on the Main River, Possibly Würzburg

Illustration of a town in Germany during the late Middle Ages, or medieval period. The town sits on…

"A draftsman's instrument for ruling parallel lines. It consists of a triangle so attached to a straight-edge that it can be moved back and forth on it a distance predetermined by the adjustment of a set-screw. a, a straight-edge; b, triangle moving on <i>a</i> for a distance determined by the set of the micrometer scale <i>c</i>; d, spring for releasing triangle and keeping it in the end of its slot." -Whitney, 1889

Section Liner, A Draftsman's Tool

"A draftsman's instrument for ruling parallel lines. It consists of a triangle so attached to a straight-edge…

Drawing of the Diana of Versailles, a 2nd-century Roman version in the Greek tradition of iconography. In Roman mythology, Diana ([djana]) was the goddess of the hunt, the moon and childbirth, being associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals.

Diana of Versailles

Drawing of the Diana of Versailles, a 2nd-century Roman version in the Greek tradition of iconography.…

"A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support the body of a vehicle, or, when of lighter build and supporting a light platform or seat, in the sport of coasting and for drawing light loads by hand. A, bob-sled, composed of two short sleds a, a1 connected by a perch b, which is attached to the sled a1 by a king bolt c, on which the sled a1 turns freely, thereby enabling it to be turned around in a space a little wider than its own length: the box or body of the sled, when one is used, is supported on the bolsters d, d1." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Bobsled - Side View

"A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support…

"A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support the body of a vehicle, or, when of lighter build and supporting a light platform or seat, in the sport of coasting and for drawing light loads by hand." &mdash;Whitney, 1889
<p>This illustration is of a hand sled. Unlike bobsleds, these sleds are not meant to be ridden. Instead, they are pulled by a person or animal, using the rope. The sleds transport materials.

Hand Sled

"A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support…

"1. A drag or dray without wheels, but mounted on runners, for the conveyance of loads over frozen snow or ice, or over mud or the bare ground, as in transporting logs and heavy stones. Also sledge. 2. A pair of runners connected by a framework, used (sometimes with another pair) to carry loads or support the body of a vehicle, or, when of lighter build and supporting a light platform or seat, in the sport of coasting and for drawing light loads by hand." &mdash;Whitney, 1889
<p>Illustration of a hand sled with a platform atop it and a rope with which to be pulled by a human or animal. Traditionally, these are not meant to be ridden, but used to convey materials.

Hand Sled or Sledge

"1. A drag or dray without wheels, but mounted on runners, for the conveyance of loads over frozen snow…